The Democratic Republic of Congo Essay Example for Free

The Democratic Republic of Congo EssayThe Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been characterized by the behavior of her natives, especially in the east part, being engaged into selling both(prenominal) of her valuable minerals such as gemstones and gold to other countries via the black markets mostly located at the countrys borders. The stakeholders in this business include the Senegalese, Indian and Chinese clients. Though the smugglers participating in this kind of illegal business are small part-time conclave of actors, they earn themselves millions of dollars, part of which is hidden in the countrys distressed backwoods. This income has been used to finance the countrys armed groups (Manson, 1). As a result, it has not been so smooth and easy to get to the bottom of the conflict that has over years existed over the Congos minerals. Even some of the smugglers testify that because of the sufferings that they concord undergone for quite a long period of time, they resolve d to this dirty business since they had nothing else they could do. Arguments from lobby groups in the U. K.reported that in order to attain sleep in Congo and resettle the millions of displaced citizens, mineral-related conflicts ought to be contained first. However, it has been very challenging to resolves these conflicts because certain hindrances. To begin with, the smuggling routes are untraceable. Despite these pathways being rocky, twisted and on the one thousand hills, there are armed men who demand for cash taxes and other levies such as their imposed in-kind levies. Moreover the mining sites are all by dint of guided majorly by the PARECO, a former militia group (Global Witness, 1).Manufacturers of mobile phones have also been accused for having helped finance these conflicts since these companies have been using metals such as tantalum and tin which are obtained from the processing of the minerals from this country. As a result, these mobile phone companies have been called upon to review their supply chains with the aim of making certain that their tin and tantalum supplies are not from militia-controlled or military units-controlled mines.Thailand based Thailand Smelting and Refining Company (Thaisarco) has been accused for being a manufacturer of the mobile phones that buys ore from a Hutu Militia group, FDLR (Katrina, 1). Thaisarco is owned by Amalgamated Metal Corporation (AMC), a British company In the resolutions by the U. N. , it was highlighted that a measure to freeze the assets and toss out the travels for those involved in financing the illegal Congolese armed groups should be taken on worldwide.In order to help hold back the catastrophes associated with the baby and illegal exploitation of the Congos mineral resources, the international trade system stakeholders have been urged to mend any loopholes so as to end not only this impunity but also avoid environmental abuses, bring to a halt mineral-linked conflicts and more importantl y refrain from infringing the Congolese human rights. Furthermore, guideline to alter the tracing of the sources of the minerals should be put forth.Media analysis has helped me understand clearly the causes of the conflicts that are in Congo that are closely linked with the illegal exploitation of the minerals inwardly the country, the contributors of these conflicts and also the prescriptions, from various public views, on how resolutions may be arrived at. This is because the analysis enhances the understanding of raw data from the various view points.It has played a essential role in helping relate the events that were occurring in DRC. However, media analysis proves to be limiting is some ways. For instance, the information provided is most a times summarized, missing some first hand information. As a result, one is made to believe on the information at hand. Works Cited Global Witness. Metals in Mobile Phones dish Finance Congo Atrocities. February 16, 2009, Viewed August 2 , 2010 from http//www. globalwitness.org/media_library_detail. php/718/en/metals_in_mobile_phones_help_finance_congo_atrocities Katrina, M. Groups Says Suing UK Over Congo dispute Minerals. Times Live, July 26, 2010. Viewd August 2, 2010 from http//www. timeslive. co. za/africa/article570920. ece/Group-says-suing-UK-over-Congo-conflict-minerals Manson, K. Uphill Task to Solve Congos Conflict Minerals. Reuters Jul 30, 2010, viewed August 2 2010 from http//uk. reuters. com/article/idUKTRE66T1LR20100730

Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) Essay Example for Free

Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA) EssayIn the recent Community Health Needs Assessment (CHNA), orthopaedic cases atomic number 18 projected to increase in the Trinity Hospital over the next five years. The legal opinion displayed that orthopedic cases ar apt(predicate) to flow from 11,800 to 17,338 (+46%) phrase and spine procedures by 30% and outpatient joint and spine procedures are expected to rise by 350%. The assessment highlighted the orthopedic serve and the needs of the Trinity community. Some of the needs were shortage on physicians and specialist, gear, physical therapy services, and functional suites. When looking at the business location of things you must understand supply need. When choose rises and supply goes unchanged, a shortage will follow leading to greater be equilibrium and if demand does not change and supply drops a short happens. This means in that location will be an increase in the overall revenue because of the rise in the demand for the orthopedic services. The community has a high demand for orthopedic services so it is and the population size for the aging community is growing so it is likely these services will be at an all-time high in five years.A recent needs assessment displayed that the current orthopedic cases are expected to rise 46%, with a 30% growth in inpatient joint and spine procedures. As expected outpatient joint and spine procedures are projected to grow by 350%. The orthopedic core is in a high demand area and the numbers show a defined grocery area within. There are in like manner deuce private local hospitals in competition with very good orthopedics platforms, which makes the need for Trinitys to have a strong orthopedic program. Research shows that the main location is within the community with a projected population growth of 4%, this sets the demand for a fictitious character orthopedic program to cover the growing community. The needs assessment shows that with an establishe d orthopedic center, it is possible that we are fit to provide everyone in the Trinity community with quality service for. It would be very feasible to develop the new-sprung(prenominal) center right away in order to live up to the demands of the community and provide adequate treatment and services with adequate equipment.The orthopedic center development should allow us to integ sited an international trend of providing quality healthcare for all citizens in the community and expenditure less money. Regardless of the ability to pay we must also look into ways to reduce spending and still providing quality healthcare. The development of a plan that will allow patients to be treated despite financial abilityand health insurance could also stand by us meet the demand in the community. While our country does not offer a national healthcare system, our facility shadow incorporate the international trend. In addition to developing an integrated health system developing a selectiv e groups of physicians and healthcare serveers to provide adequate services. Currently at that place are two groups that are moving in the area. Fortunately one group has recently secured office space to open a branch of orthopedic practice on campus with the Trinity community, which helps us move to the integrated healthcare system. This benefits the Trinity community by providing more services and quality programs to assist more patients.The ultimate goa at Trinity is to provide quality healthcare to all citizens of the Trinity community Robotic surgery and current digital equipment would be complementary to the new orthopedic center in surgical units. In addition to this we are able to accommodate the demands of orthopedic cases we deal with in the facility within our surgical units adequately. The development of the surgery facilities provide the advantage to recruit orthopedic groups that desire to be closer to Trinity and apply for privileges for the facility. There are cur rently cardinal operating rooms that are equipped with the basic setup necessary to accommodate the orthopedic program. The rooms are equipped with two CT scanners, magnetic resonance imaging scanner, X-ray, nuclear medicine, mobile PET scanner, and ultrasound services. The nursing staffs at Trinity are devoted and skilled which helps increase orthopedic nursing certification rate to 75% showing that this is a strong area in the facility.Although we may not be highly recommended the drive towards patient quality care it is a major part of the increase in demand of services. Even though all our service course of instructions compliment the orthopedic program, it is clear that we can work dig- in- hand to develop a valued healthcare system and meet the demands, not only for patients but all hospital staff as well. The recent question shows that we could cut cost by building a new 5000 square foot physical therapy/rehab center adjacent to the Trinity campus. The new building costs estimates to about 600,000 verses 700,000 to purchase the space adjacent to the Trinity campus. In order to expand the services by adding a radiology department and have two MRI machines could cost approximately $3,000,000. Currently in the capital reserves we have 25,000,000 so this would be feasible for this service line expansion.Adding an orthopedic center could potential gain approximately 2100 new surgical cases and also gaining about 6500 visits in physical therapy. This can bring the remuneration margin to about $2,171,500. agree to the five year projection plan, it is projected that there will be about $25,000 in gross charges per orthopedic surgical case. It is also clear that there is a $275 in gross charges per physical therapy treatment. 31% is the ratio of cost in charges when calculated. The Medicaid, Medicare and self- pay patients are at an all-time high right straight off so it is projected that the orthopedic program will increase in revenue and gain more pay-i n patients. Developing a bundle payment program can allow the patient insured and uninsured an opportunity to get quality care and treatment in an affordable manor.A community hospital with the orthopedic center in it will be great in the future to help increase utilization, and also make-up for the decreased volume seen with the disparage of the OB program and decay of general surgery volumes. An increase in the utilization could help our key financial indicators and also develop an effective profit plan for years to come. In order to increase the amount of specialists that are in the center we will need to target the patients who need total joint care. Developing a patient navigation system for these pacific patients can be a huge way to market the new service line to the community also coordinating care and appointments for the patients. This will also be a chance to provide physicians with the ability to sustain private practices and still work in the facility and have hospital privileges.It is suggested that we continue to work closely with those practices that are moving in the same direction as Trinity help outline the exact plan that has been developed for the marketing. A key marketing strategy that can be used in the marketing area is advertising. set off the high quality services and giving the physicians satisfaction rate which is 90% could convince new patients to come to Trinity. Adding the orthopedic group adjacent to the Trinity campus, a hangral service could be developed. The system should be set up as Trinity refers the orthopedic cases to the physicians group who will then in return refer all of their patients to the new orthopedic center for surgery, physical therapy, etc.Working directly with the physicians can give a more unified unit where everyone is able to benefit and also help increase their revenue equally among the practices and the hospital. Marketing can weigh inon the expanding growth of the orthopedic specialists that are o n staff and the new orthopedic center. Patients will be provided with referral information if the patient is in need for physicians services on Trinity campus. We can also give referral for physicians who are not directly connected to the Trinity facility but have privileges at the facility. These physicians are able to use the referral services and in return refer patients to our facility and the new orthopedic center.ResourcesKohn, L. T., Corrigan, J., Richardson, W. C., Donaldson, M. S. (2000). To err is human Building a safer health system. Washington, DC National Academy Press. McLaughlin, C. P., Kaluzny, A. D. (1999). endless quality improvement in health care Theory, implementation, and applications. Gaithersburg, MD Aspen Publishers

Risks and Consequences of Non-Compliance

Risks and Consequences of Non-ComplianceOur group sport been presented with the selective in haomaation set Road collision Casualties in Camden. This information is published by the London Borough of Camden which is licensed under the Open political relation Licence. All data on road collisions argon provided by TfL (Transport for London), who present the data in three parts on an annual basis. The data set contains information on the casualties where some information has also been added from att shutdownants. The att displaceants and vehicles are recorded as separate data sets and are available on an open platform, as a result they can be joined together by the mathematical function of a reference column. If joined together the data go away show accidents where multiple casualties, att blockadeants and vehicles were present. In the reference there will be several records for the equivalent incident. It is suggested that data analysis should be undertaken which uses three year s of data in order to avoid any anomalies.The statistics in the data set displays personal injuries which prevail taken place on public roads which were reported to the police. The police note down the information using a STATS19 form and this is how the data is recorded. eon it is not possible to predict e actually potential legal issue that the application may face, both during development stage and in use, utilising the Road Collision Casualties in Camden data set, the just about common pitfalls can easily be avoided. Implementing a proactive legal compliance strategy, during the early part of the development process, will help to minimise the legal risk and strengthen the nurseion of application itself.IntroductionRisks and consequences of non-complianceFailure to design the software program in accordance with the various legislative and industry constraints, may result in a growth that will attract, in the worst case scenario, legal proceeding and/or make the product diff icult to sell. Also, it may be incompatible with other software or data formats. Research into the various standards, industry codes and relevant legal obligations will set apart the design to progress with clarity regarding these requirements.Standards, codes legislationThe particular items that are relevant to this project are as follows-The British Computer Society Code of rehearse -The Open Government Licence for Public Sector schooling Data Protection Act 1998It is considered that this Act is not applicable for the data accessed by the software, as it contains no personal information. However, it is alike(p)ly to be applicable to data macrocosm held regarding the users of the application in terms of their logging into the system and the history of their use of the data, so we beget to be in compliance with Data Protection Act 1998(DPA). Because we will be storing and handling personal information, small errors and inaccuracies can lead to unsafe data protection breaches and give rise to serious consequences. Compliance with data protection legislation is not just a matter of good practice, it is a legal requirement and, as the penalties for nonfulfillment are extremely serious, especially nowadays in an environment of increasing focus upon data protection, it goes without saying that for this application that we are creating, we need to take great care to protect personal information.The Data Protection Act 1998 is enforced by the Information Commissioners Office (ICO), which has considerable powers when it finds an shaping to be in breach of the data protection principles in the way data is handled. The Information Commissioner has historically shown he is ready and willing to take action, and in extreme circumstances, to bring criminal proceedings with respect to mishandling of personal information. The consequences and penalties which may follow breach of data protection obligations are varied, and in most cases very serious. The ICOs action c an include Monetary penalty notices (For serious breaches of the DPA the fines could reach up to 500,000).Criminal Prosecutions (Deliberately breaching the DPA can lead to possible prison sentences).Undertakings (Organisations have to induct to a particular course of action to improve their compliance and avoid further action from the ICO).Enforcement notices ( Organisations in breach of one or more of the DPA principles are required to take specific steps in order to comply with the law).Audit (The ICO has the authority to audit government departments without consent to check organisations are complying). handicap Discrimination Act 1995This would apply in terms of the presentation of the user interface with reference to, for example, warp contrast and legibility.Add compliance with the DDA to the project requirements. discerp the range of user types and identify any persons likely to fall under the DDA that would use the system. Look at the human interfaces that the system will employ and go over that all projected users can utilise the application.Demonstrate that the application has been designed to meet these needs in terms of, for example, character/font/ size/colour/contrast or in terms of any audible or spoken interfaces.Display Screen Regulations 1992The user interface should not compromise an employers might to comply with this legislation. For example, repetitive strain injuries or eye strain. There is also a Human Factors consideration here in terms of optimising user motion by maintaining concentration, thereby reducing errors. This is unlikely to have a direct impact on the designer/supplier of the software but may have a reputational impact if the product is problematic in the workplace.Intellectual propertyBefore we started our project it was essential for us as a group to have a firm grasp of intellectual property rights and how they apply to the software industry, as protecting our software application would make it easier to take legal action against anyone who steals or copies it. Computer software law is distinguished from most other intellectual creations protected by intellectual property law in that contrastive aspects of the software is eligible for protection by patent, copyright and trade secret laws. Each type of protection has advantages and disadvantages under the current laws.Historically its been quite aphonic to get software application approved for patent from UK Intellectual Property Office. This means that UK software developers have been left to rely on copyright to protect their work. This was something we had to take into consideration because copyright only offers protection against being copied. However, the Patents are an absolute right against unauthorised use of the patent holders invention, and can protect the implicit in(p)/original ideas and processes of our application. So with a patent, it does not matter whether a competitor has copied the program or developed an identical program or indeed a different program which uses the same ideas or process steps on their own, it still breaches the patent and us as patent holders can claim redress and/or an injunction to enforce their rights.In the case of our application, copyright law would protect the source and object code, as well as certain whimsical original elements of the user interface. While the patent can protect the novel ideas embodied in our application which copyright cannot. However, as I already mentioned, historically its been shown it is quite tough to get software application approved for patent and there is no guarantee that the UK Intellectual Property Office will grant a patent for our software invention. Moreover, the costs for obtaining a software patent are significantly higher, so we as a company have to exhort our options and go with the best possible.Furthermore, the terms of use for the application itself are provided by us who designed the application, but also it should be noted tha t the data being accessed by the application is also subject to conditions of use by the data owner. This data is published by the London Borough of Camden which is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. These conditions should also be provided to the end user and embodied in suppliers terms of use. The Licensor grants us a worldwide, royalty-free, perpetual, non-exclusive licence to use the Information subject to the conditions likeacknowledge the source of the Information in your product or application by including or linking to any attribution statement specified by the Information Provider(s) and, where possible, provide a link to this licenceThis means we are obligated by the Open Government Licence to provide a link for our end user or let the end user know that applications contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence. This is one of the most important conditions of this licence and if our company fails to comply with them the rights granted to us under this licence, or any similar licence granted by the Licensor, will end automatically.It is also important to note that this is version 3.0 of the Open Government Licence. The Controller of this licence may change the licence itself from time to time and issue sweet versions of it. And if that happens the terms of that licence will continue to apply from the previous version (current version which is 3.0).Software licensingA software license is a document that provides legitimately required guidelines for the usage and sharing of software. A software licensing agreement will protect our copyright and IP rights by placing restrictions on the end user in relation to how the software can be used. The software licence will allow the end users to have one or more copies of our software, without violating copyrights.When we publish our end product it is critical that we licence our software very carefully to retain the IP rights and to ensure we are able to generate revenue from our work. A software licence usually comes in one of three major formsProprietary licenceFree licenceOpen software licencesubstance abuser requirements source with the user of the software and the client, for whom the work is being undertaken, will modify a full and clear understanding of their expectations to be captured in the form of a User Requirements Specification. In particular, the types of users, how the data will be accessed and used should be sought from client and fully understood. This, combined with any legislative, industry or standards requirements, will form the overall Project Requirements Specification.Specification/requirementsTaking all of the above a definitive set of Project and Technical requirements can be developed. These will enable the project to proceed from a clear and common understanding. All Stakeholders should sign the requirements and any subsequent changes should be avoided, but if necessary, undertaken in a controlled process. This is important in controlling cost, programme and avoiding differing expectations.VerificationIt is important to continually check back against the requirements as the design develops. This can be done in the form of a requirements matrix and recording evidence (links to docs/specs) that each requirement is being met.

Misuse of Environmental Resources

Misuse of Environmental ResourcesA.What is the issueMisuse of environment resources means wasting of our raw innate(p) resources which leads to unbalance in the nature elements. This can be reachd by two directions direct and indirect. For example, cutting forests to use their wood is considered as direct misuse at the same time lacking of trees is trim back the measuring stick of oxygen in the air and increasing the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is an indirect way of misusing.The significance of the issue.BIn the past, mankind beings adopted its stem and c grapplehing and their food plants on the environment, carnals and other comp matchlessnts, but what is happening now is a drain in all forms of environmental resources like living plant, animal and non-living resources, soil, mineral and energy resources, and this is attrition problems to the environment . .The water is the most important reason for the persistence of life on this planet, because its uses ar many an d varied ,and the amount of water on the surface of the Earth is non fixed and it will not increase ,for this reason the subject should be taken more naughtily by looking for ways to conserve water and keep it .The metal is the basis of industry and economic power ,hence it is important to maintain it . the increasing in the number of the worlds population is causing a rapidly drain and increase the cost of extraction , it is known to us that this energy had been formed since millions of years and atomic number 18 not renewed, the throbbed they need millions of years until the other is made up again. As for the wealth of plant food source, which is very important in our lives, they are as well harmed by cutting trees and burning of forests, overgrazing, being done by some ignorant shepherds and other things without thinking about the value of these trees that are a major(ip) source of food and energy in the consistence as they append to purifying the air from the exhaust gase s such as carbon dioxide and also contribute to the process of transpiration in increasing the amount of rainfall. remained livestock is one of the most important sources through which a human on the protein needed to build his body and his bones and teeth, however, there are many species now threatened with extinction because of fishing in the breeding seasons.So what we see from the above is that we need to hold dear our environment and its resources, use it in the right way in order to shelter ourselves and our planet .Why are you choosing this issue.CIn the UAE there a lot of natural resources that are misused , in our project we are trying to explain what are this resources and how they are used in the opposite way and what are its effectives on the society ,its so popular now a days , we need this resources to help the people and give them the attention to use it in the write way.D.Sources used We have made around the university to ask the 20 students about our topic misused of natural resources in UAE and there opinion on it we have asked three questions which are Q1) What are the natural resources in UAE in their opinion?Answer was 10 girls gave an behave of the petrol resources of petrol resources.5 girls gave an answer of the solar and energetic power.2 girls gave an answer of the pearls and sea.2 girls gave an answer of the oil source.Q2) Are those resources used in a proper way ?Answer was 10 girls said (yes)5 girls said (no)5 girls said (some used properly and other no)Q3)In what ways we can use this sources properly ?(random 5)E.What are the reasons of the issue at that place are many reasons for this issue such as increasing population and their consuming , the unawareness of some individual and groups with the serious of the problem, the development of industry and mountain like trading in ivory, the luxuries living standard of rich people to match their needs. Also we have deliberate negligence on destruction of natural resources like dump ing factory wipe outs on soil and land, last but least no restricted laws to be applied in order to protect and preserve our natural resources.F.What are the effects of the issue1.On the Individual level Consuming the amount of fresh water.Air pollution.Sea life pollution (lack of food). wish of resources for the next generations.Depletion of petroleum and minerals resources.Extinction of some kinds of rare animals and put the lives of the rest endanger.Decline the developed countries because of the wrong environmental behavior.Creating hybrid organisms could match the new environmental conditions.Crack in the life chain.2.On the National and Global level You must be the change you wish to see in the world.These words were said by Gandhi those words were said to the people who misuse the environment, even though they know that this affects the world, now we are using a lot of the natural resources, as a result we have a lot of consequences, such as acid rain and smog.In this new ag e that we are in, we use a lot of electronics, but the thing is these electronics, they need a lot of fuel to work which is a great loss because later on with time there usage be any fuels for the other electronics like cars to transport us or the air conditioner to cool us down, all these factors will vanish with time and we rule be able to keep that same standard of living if we keep using the resources carelessly like we are now.We never wondered when we use up the fogey fuels, and they are no longer utilizable they end up in our lakes or oceans the bad thing is that this water has to be purify it because of all the pollutants that are present in the water and the people who are gaining from all this is the big businesses they clean the water and purify it. thus far the big businesses have some waste that they dont want to deal with the waste that they have left from the purification so they throw it back to the water which they dont really care about its purity and the vict ims are the people who will think to drink, eat, or shower again with this water, and many more thing happen to us when the water in not plain which affects our body and our ecosystem.G.What can be done to resolve this issueYou might think its hard to solve, but its docile. If each one of us plant one small tree in his house, it will contribute in protecting our environment.A lot of people use cars even into the nearest place to their house, and of running they are not the only one who does the same thing, more and more do it.Instead of using cars, bicycles r good option. Easy to ride and doesnt cause a lot of damages or pollution to the environment.Start with yourself, think, and imagine a clean environment, better world and healthy people.How about walking, its good for some(prenominal) your body and your worldEven for the people who must uses their cars every day, use refineries, do u know what that polluted air can cause to human health and your environment.Recycling had any one of u thought how much it can help in protecting our environment, people probably through force they use way, instead of that lets try using them in good ways again ,of course not everything but there is something that can be useful again such as papers , plastic , also try to reduce the amount of using it , instead use paper bags and cardboard containers, Even a simple habit of buying in bulk can save a lot of packaging material , see its very easy things do and very small m but it makes huge difference with our environment , help us to green our world.Treat the Earth well it was not given to you by your parents , it was loaned to you by your children ancient proverb.Society projec52 sectionTeam membersDina Amr Salem. Group Leader.Reem Ebrahim Kader.Mina Raafat Al Baali.Ghada Mohamed.Work plan split A, E, F, the presentation, andforming the report. Dina Amr.paragraph B and F. Mina Raafat.paragraph C and D. Ghada Mohamed.paragraph G and the brochure. Reem Ebrahim.

Feasibility Study Report Business Essay

Feasibility Study Report Business EssayAssumptionAs incoming of the fitting said. The school in the case should be in a small village, and both(prenominal) of the pupils, atomic tot up 18 in the age 5 to 11 historic period group. So that it should be envisaged it is a small computer room. By received government funding, there should have a ne 2rk of 8 organiseting computers inwardly lucre connection. Assumed there are not mixed class in the computer room. There should be six both(prenominal) groups totally. So the total exploiter of the computer room is around forty two persons. Install two interactive whiteboards for classroom drug abuse and a networked laser printer is enough .I suggested the school should be fix Windows XP as the operating system, make sure it is easier to maintenance and have much more higher compatibility in the software market. They also should have an off the shelf database for school administration. For example, teacher can keep the stude nt attendance records at classes and keep the attach for tests, exams and assignments etc. penetration in Microsoft office 2003 is sui slacken for the case. Because it have a higher performance, lower-rankinger price with patched variation. Two interactive whiteboards are also let the teaching stave to show the teaching materials which they find out from the Internet .In my own opinion, follow the whole project planning. The installation and working should be complete deep down six months successfully .TASK1Feasibility study reportIntroductionThis school has received government funding to buy a network of 8 desktop computers with Internet connection, two interactive whiteboards for classroom use, a networked laser printer and an off the shelf database for school specifically. We should complete the hold project within six months .School backgroundThis school is a locate in a small village with pupils in the age range 5 to 11 years .There is no in-house expertise to call upo n. The senior management of the school is heavily reliant on this plan. We should complete this guide to let the school staff through the project and show what entrust have to be done to make it a success .The schools vision is to provide fast, reliable technical financial aid to pupils and teaching staff on both study and teaching .Our mission is to Teaching staff can keep records of student attendance at classes and marks for tests, exams and assignments . Teaching staff can also access the Internet for teaching materials that can be used on the interactive whiteboards . Envisaged students will access the Internet for research purposes, and for learning materials . Students can also prepare written assignments and print them out from networked printer .Option recommendationHardwareThe recommended current model of relic in the market. Shown in table 1.1. Why we choose these model of computer is because the Stability, enhanced security, efficiency, these PCs mean business HPs most stable and secure business PCs with almighty technology and professional innovations such as energy efficient features and leading remote manageability solutions. Maximum flexibility. Global configurations, a range of ports, slots and bays and a coarse variety of HP pre-qualified options and accessories allow you to maximize your investment .Energy Efficiency features. The HP 8000 Elite model has improved energy efficiency over anterior generations by 30% when the PCs are at an idle. Take efficiency even further with low power marchors and energy efficient power supplies. Enhanced manageability. intentional to be easy to deploy and manage, the HP Compaq 8000 Elite helps lower maintenance costs and protects your assets with a full range of remote management technologies from HP, Altiris and Intel. More secure, HP Protect Tools security software helps you more safely secure your ironware, software, firmware and OS, providing infrastructure protection that allows you to focu s on your business, not your points of vulnerability. Global assistant and support. deject the most out of your investment with HP s world class globose services and support portfolio, including HP add up Care and a universal network of partners to help you get the most out of your technology investment. Get the most out of your investment with HP s world class global services and support portfolio, including HP Total Care and a worldwide network of partners to help you get the most out of your technology investment. Warranty, protected by HP Services, including a 3 -3 -3 standard warranty delivering 3 years of split and 3 year of both labour and on-site repair. Response clipping is next business-day and includes free telephone support 9. 00 am to 5. 00 pm. Terms and conditions vary by country. Certain restrictions and exclusions apply .SoftwareI suggested that the school should be install Windows XP with service pack 3 as the operating system, make sure it is easier to main tenance and have much higher compatibility in the software market. The off the shelf database for school administration. The office 2007 as known as bugs in the program and office 2010 is still in the beta version. So I recommended to install access in Microsoft office 2 003 is suitable for this case. Because it have a higher performance, lower price with patched version .TechnicalAs I am the project manager. So do I will follow the technical problem and give solutions. Also, during the project, briefing of how to use those facilities will be given. So that both teaching staff and student can use it smoothly, reduce the maintenance times and keep those facilities have a longer working hours .OperationalAs the computer is build up to let the teaching staff and student to use. The first priority should be lesson first. Second, the after school time will be open for the student. To do further searching for there projects or studying materials .EconomicIf the briefing is given to b oth teaching staff and student. The working sustenance of the facilities will become longer. So that those item will be more worth of it. Maintenance is also need to join after the warranty eon is expiry. Then they were no need to buy or upgrade the computers shortly .Cost benefit sidestep 1 .1Contract Item description wrongNotesq HP COMPAQ 8000ELite Small Form factor** ( not include pinch, DVD drive and Floppy Disk Drive )** CPU Intel Core2QUAD Q9550 VPRO( 2.83GHz, 12M L2, Intel Q45 Chipset )-Hard Dis k160GB SATA VGA Display Intel prowess Media Accelerator 4500-RAM 2GB ( PC3 DDR3-10600MHz ) Total RAM Slots 4( unfinished slots 2 ) Expansion Slots 1 x low-profile PCI, 1x low-profile ( PCI-EX16 ), 2x low-profile ( PCI- EX1 ) External I/O ports Front 4 x USB ports provoke 6 x USB ports Serial way 1 x Parallel port 1 x RJ 45 port 1 x VGA air 1 x Audio scuttlebutt signal / output-Sufficient Bays for installation internal hardware 1 x optional SATA DVD drive ( i nternal ) or1 x hard disk ( internal )with 104 Keyboard and OS LicenseDimensions ( Width x Depth x heyday ) 338 x 378 x 100 mm ( 13.3 x 14.9 x 3.95 in )Weight 8.5 kg ( 18.75 lb ) HK $ 4, 995. 0q LCD Monitor LG 17( 4 3 ) Brightness 300 cd / m2 Contrast dimension 8000 1 Resolution 1280 x 1024 remark ports 15 Pin D sub Dimensions ( Width x Depth ( with monitor stand ) x Height ) 370 x 185 x 390 mm ( 14.57 x 7.28 x 15.35 in ) Weight 3.4 kg ( 7.5 lb ) HK $ 1, 165.0q DVD Drive HP 16X SATA DVD RW DriveHK$ 203 .0q MouseHP Wired Ball PS/2 2-button mouse with WheelHK $ 7 .0HP LaserJet P2055dPrinter, bundle with 15ftUSB printer cable Print speed Up to 33pages per minute ( ppm) Resolution Up to 1200 dots per inch ( dpi ) Paper handing Automatic two-sided printing Tray 1 50 sheet multipurpose tray, Tray 2 250 sheet input tray Recommended monthly print volume 750 to 3000 pages Standard connectivity parallel port, USB 2.0 port Dimensions ( width x depth x height ) 365 x 368 x 268mm ( 14.4 x 14.5 x 10.6in ) Weight 10.7kg ( 23.6lb ) HK $ 1, 240.0HANSHIN multi touchable interactive whiteboard Model TB 01U- 105 105 Diagonal16 9 2367 x 1387 x 30HK $ 20,000ABC interlocking facility company Network installationHK $ 20, 000Subtotal amount of project Set of PC x 8Network Printer x1Interactive whiteboard x 1Network installationHK $ 50, 960HK $ 1, 240HK $ 20, 000HK $ 20, 000Total amount of project HK $ 92 ,200.0Table 1. 1 show the total amount cost of the whole project .Cost / benefit analysis form 0Year 1Year 2Year 3Hardware Costs$72, 200$0$0$0Installation$20, 000$0$0$0Total Cost$92, 200$0$0$0SavingsTraining Development$25, 000$25, 000$25,000$25, 000Maintenance Cost openFreeFreeFreeTable 1. 2Table 1. 2 show that, besides the build up budget. School is no need to pay additional fund.In the first three years, there is no need to pay maintenance fee.Cost-effectiveness analysis is distinct from cost benefit analysis, which assigns a monetary assess to the measure of effect .Cost effectiveness analysis is often used in the field of wellness services, where it may be inappropriate to monetize health effect. typically the CEA is expressed in terms of a ratio where the denominator is a gain in health from a measure ( years of life, premature births averted, sight-years gained ) and the numerator is the cost associated with the health gain. The most commonly used outcome measure is quality-adjusted life years. Cost utility analysis is similar to cost-effectiveness analysis .Risk AssessmentRisk appraisal consists in an objective evaluation of stake in which assumptions and uncertainties are clearly considered and presented. Part of the difficulty of assay management is that measurement of both of the quantities in which adventure appraisal is concerned potential loss and probability of occurrence can be very difficult to measure. The chance of error in the measurement of these two concepts is large. A risk with a large potential loss and a low probability of occurring is often treated differently from one with a low potential loss and a high likelihood of occurring. In theory, both are of nearly equal priority in dealing with first, but in practice it can be very difficult to manage when faced with the scarcity of resources, especially time, in which to conduct the risk management process. Expressed mathematically .In auditing, risk assessment is a very crucial stage before accepting an audit engagement. According to ISA315 Understanding the Entity and its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement, the attender should perform risk assessment procedures to obtain an understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control. There are two methods of risk assessment in information security field, qualitative and quantitative. Purely quantitative risk assessment is a mathematical calculation based on security metrics on the asset ( system or application ). Qualitativ e risk assessment is performed when the boldness requires a risk assessment be performed in a relatively short time or to meet a small budget, a significant quantity of relevant data is not available, or the persons performing the assessment dont have the sophisticated mathematical, financial, and risk assessment expertise required. Qualitative risk assessment can be performed in a shorter period of time and with less data. Qualitative risk assessments are typically performed through interviews of a sample of personnel from all relevant groups within an organization charged with the security of the asset being assessed. Qualitative risk assessments are descriptive versus measurable .NumberCase of risksolutionrecommendation1Lost dataPurchase a backup tapeline driveSee whether have budget or not after government funding2Computer repair total maintenanceJoin maintenance after the third year3Abuse the computer and room facilitiesLimit the computer room open timeNominate some student l eader to look after it4PC performance lowerUpgrade parts in futureSee the cost of parts in future if obligatory5Lost leakagePurchase encryption softwareSee the cost of parts in future if necessaryTASK2The main activities to be undertaken in the project is shown as follow. The life cycle ofit can be a waterfall diagram ( Table 2 .1 ) . necessityAnalysis SpecificationAnalysisDesignCode unit testIntegrationTest Staff trainingSystem acceptance testTable 2 .1In Table 2. 1, show how the project run, it is a waterfall model. The waterfall begetment model has its origins in the manufacturing and construction industries highly structured somatic environments in which after-the-fact varys are prohibitively costly, if not impossible. Since no formal software development methodologies existed at the time, this hardware-oriented model was simply adapted for software development.To follow the waterfall model, one proceeds from one phase to the next in a sequential manner. For example, one first completes requirements specification, which after sign off are considered set in stone. When the requirements are fully completed, one proceeds to design. The software in question is designed and a blueprint is drawn for implementers ( statuters) to follow this design should be a plan for implementing the requirements given. When the design is fully completed, an implementation of that design is made by coders. Towards the later stages of this implementation phase, separate software components produced are combined to predate new functionality and reduced risk through the removal of errors .We can find that there are six stages need to go throw. It is requirement analysis specification, analysis, design, code and unit test, integration test staff training, system acceptance test .TASK3Contract Item descriptionPriceNotesq HP COMPAQ 8000ELite Small Form Factor** ( not include Mouse, DVD drive and Floppy Disk Drive )** CPU Intel Core2QUAD Q9550 VPRO( 2.83GHz, 12M L2, Int el Q45 Chipset )-Hard Dis k160GB SATA VGA Display Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 4500-RAM 2GB ( PC3 DDR3-10600MHz ) Total RAM Slots 4( spare slots 2 ) Expansion Slots 1 x low-profile PCI, 1x low-profile ( PCI-EX16 ), 2x low-profile ( PCI- EX1 ) External I/O ports Front 4 x USB ports Rear 6 x USB ports Serial Port 1 x Parallel port 1 x RJ 45 port 1 x VGA Port 1 x Audio input / output-Sufficient Bays for installation internal hardware 1 x optional SATA DVD drive ( internal ) or1 x hard disk ( internal )with 104 Keyboard and OS LicenseDimensions ( Width x Depth x Height ) 338 x 378 x 100 mm ( 13.3 x 14.9 x 3.95 in )Weight 8.5 kg ( 18.75 lb ) HK $ 4, 995. 0q LCD Monitor LG 17( 4 3 ) Brightness 300 cd / m2 Contrast Ratio 8000 1 Resolution 1280 x 1024 Input ports 15 Pin D sub Dimensions ( Width x Depth ( with monitor stand ) x Height ) 370 x 185 x 390 mm ( 14.57 x 7.28 x 15.35 in ) Weight 3.4 kg ( 7.5 lb ) HK $ 1, 165.0q DVD Drive HP 16X SATA DVD RW DriveH K$ 203 .0q MouseHP Wired Ball PS/2 2-button mouse with WheelHK $ 7 .0Subtotal amount of project Total amount of 8 set of PCHK $ 50, 960TABLE 3. 1In table 3. 1 show the requirement of PC that hardware recommend and should be meet .Software side, in the assumption. There was suggested to user Microsoft Office Access 2003 with service pack 3. Beacause Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a pseudo relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphic user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of applications, included in the Professional and higher editions or sold separately. In mid-May 2010, the current version Microsoft Office Access 2010 was released by Microsoft in Office 2010 Microsoft Access 2007 was the prior version. Access stores data in its own format based on the Access Jet Database Engine. It can also import or link direct ly to data stored in other applications and databases .Listed below are selection criteria of choosing both the hardware and off the shelf software which we need to purchases. We need to consider about both assessment of supplier, assessment of contractual and assessment of technical .Supplier assessmentThe main criteria to consider when evaluating the suitability of the supplier organization are as follows FinancialFinancial strength, time in market place, market presence, future plans, number of employees, R D investment .Culture Values, risk sharing, openness, commitment, responsiveness, strategy, ethos .Capability Size, number of staff and skills, location, track record, availability of staff, size of user base .Management Standards, processes for quality, change control, risk management, planning, control .Contractual assessmentThe main criteria to consider when evaluating the suitability of the contract being drawn up between yourself and a third troupe supplier of the provision of goods or services are as follows Financial Pricing structures, penalty clauses, payment terms, disclaimers .Materials Ownerships of materials, service level agreements, support and maintenance, change process .Personnel Lines of demarcation, assignment of responsibilities, use of sub-contractors .Technical assessmentThe main criteria to consider when evaluating the technical capabilities of the proposed solution put forward by the supplier or organization are as follows The product Meets requirements, robust, sufficient features, adequate documentation, maintainable, capacity for growth .Modification Is it needed, cost, support, how much, how easy, who will do it, time to do achieve, backup etc .Standards / quality Does it change course your standards, complies with standards and law, adequate resources, technical knowledge required .Environment Will it work in your environment, complies with standards and law, adequate resources, technical knowledge required .TASK4Sta keholdercommunicate methodWhen will need to have communicateWhat purposeSenior managementreportsSpecificreview purposesUser ( Teachers )reportsroutineneeds analysisUser ( Students )task assignmentsIf useneeds analysisSuppliesspecificationsroutinereview purposesTable 4. 1In table 4. 1 show how do the stakeholder work and communicate with the project manager. get at sure that their opinion can be easier to voice out and enhance the project. The project manager is directly under the senior management. Although the have not got a high knowledge in the information technology field. But they are deeply involve the whole planning and the school development. So the communication must(prenominal) needed. The review of project stage and effective is on a specific time, Too much will be disturb the development. In addition to it. thrust sure the project run smoothly also can enhance by training, and also their opinion can be help us to develop other IT project in future. So, user s comment also need to take. But it is not regularly. On the other hand, communication with supplies is very great .Reference and Bibliographies NCC Managing Business Projects. ( International Advanced Diploma in Computer Studies ) 2008 Syllabus . Gofton, L. ( 1997 ). Business Market Research. London, Kogan page ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .Total word count of this assignment About 4200 words ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

The Use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

The Use of actor Orange in the Vietnam War Agent Orange is a plant killer, which was used during the Vietnam War to destroy the bulky amount of trees (Nguyen, 1). The destruction that occurred, however, is far more extensive than once believed. Complications in health occur much more frequently to those exposed to the chemical than those who managed to eliminate contact (Nguyen, 2). The use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War affected the American soldiers health and genetics. Agent Orange is a 5050 mixture of two major compounds, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid (Nguyen, 2). This defoliant also contains dioxin, which is one of the most lethal compounds known to man (Nguyen, 2). Ironically, the dioxin, which makes Agent Orange lethal to humans, isnt intended to kill plants at all (Vancil, 1). It is extremely hard to prove, however, that dioxin is responsible for the countless illnesses acquired by many Vietnam veterans because each som eone has their own tolerance to dioxin (Vancil, 1). Many soldiers in the Vietnam War encountered Agent Orange repeatedly. Their lives revolved around the 55-gallon drums, which once were filled with an extremely harmful herbicide. Unaware of the accomplishable consequences, many soldiers built showers and hibachis out of these discarded drums (Doyle, 139). They also used the barren drums to store potatoes and watermelons (Doyle, 139). One man described to his wife how they would bathe and s...

International Trade Essay -- essays research papers

To export these goods you have to have an organization which caboodles with the rules of trading between nations. Such an international organization is the populace peck composition (WTO). The address is to help producers of goods and serve, exporters, and importers conduct their business.Result - is assurance-Consumers and producers know they can enjoy secure supplies and greater choice of the finished products.-Producers and exporters know that alien markets will go forward open to them.Heart of the system atomic number 18 the-WTOs covenants-The agreements are negotiated and signed by governments. They have to be ratified in their parliaments.World Trade Organization (WTO)-came into being in 1995-deals with rules of profession between nations-the agreements are signed by the governments-It is the successor to the ecumenical Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) accomplished in the energize of the Second World War-It has more than 140 members and the top decision ma king body meets at least once each two eldThe 3 main purposes of WTO- trade flow as freely as possible-means removing obstacles. -also means ensuring that individuals, companies and governments know what the trade rules are slightly the world, and giving them the confidence that there will be no sudden changes of policy. In other words, the rules have to be transparent and predictable. -to work as a forum for Trade negotiations-dispute settlementTrade relations often involve conflicting interests. Contracts and agreements often need interpreting. The best direction to solve these differences is establish on an agreed legal foundation.Principles of the trading systemThe WTO agreements are lengthy and complex because they are legal textbooks covering a colossal range of activities. They deal with agriculture, textiles and clothing, banking, telecommunications, government purchases, industrial standards, food sanitation regulations, intellectual property, and much more.... ...t , but it is no longer the main set of rules for international trade. And it has been updated.- The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade always dealt with trade in goods, and it still does. It has been amended and incorporated into the new WTO agreements. -While GATT no longer exists as an international organization, the GATT agreement lives on. - The old text is now called GATT 1947. - The updated version is called GATT 1994. The main differencesGATT was ad hoc and provisional. The General Agreement was never ratified in members parliaments, and it contained no provisions for the creation of an organization.The WTO and its agreements are permanent. As an international organization, the WTO has a sound legal basis because members have ratified the WTO agreements, and the agreements themselves describe how the WTO is to function.The WTO has members. GATT had contracting parties, underscoring the fact that officially GATT was a legal text.GATT dealt with trade in goods. The WTO cover s services and intellectual property as well.The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic than the old GATT system. Its rulings cannot be blocked. International Trade demonstrate -- essays research papers To export these goods you have to have an organization which deals with the rules of trade between nations. Such an international organization is the World Trade Organization (WTO). The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business.Result - is assurance-Consumers and producers know they can enjoy secure supplies and greater choice of the finished products.-Producers and exporters know that foreign markets will remain open to them.Heart of the system are the-WTOs agreements-The agreements are negotiated and signed by governments. They have to be ratified in their parliaments.World Trade Organization (WTO)-came into being in 1995-deals with rules of trade between nations-the agreements are signed by t he governments-It is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established in the wake of the Second World War-It has more than 140 members and the top decision making body meets at least once every two yearsThe 3 main purposes of WTO- trade flow as freely as possible-means removing obstacles. -also means ensuring that individuals, companies and governments know what the trade rules are around the world, and giving them the confidence that there will be no sudden changes of policy. In other words, the rules have to be transparent and predictable. -to serve as a forum for Trade negotiations-dispute settlementTrade relations often involve conflicting interests. Contracts and agreements often need interpreting. The best way to solve these differences is based on an agreed legal foundation.Principles of the trading systemThe WTO agreements are lengthy and complex because they are legal texts covering a wide range of activities. They deal with agriculture, textil es and clothing, banking, telecommunications, government purchases, industrial standards, food sanitation regulations, intellectual property, and much more.... ...t, but it is no longer the main set of rules for international trade. And it has been updated.- The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade always dealt with trade in goods, and it still does. It has been amended and incorporated into the new WTO agreements. -While GATT no longer exists as an international organization, the GATT agreement lives on. - The old text is now called GATT 1947. - The updated version is called GATT 1994. The main differencesGATT was ad hoc and provisional. The General Agreement was never ratified in members parliaments, and it contained no provisions for the creation of an organization.The WTO and its agreements are permanent. As an international organization, the WTO has a sound legal basis because members have ratified the WTO agreements, and the agreements themselves describe how the WTO is to function.The WTO has members. GATT had contracting parties, underscoring the fact that officially GATT was a legal text.GATT dealt with trade in goods. The WTO covers services and intellectual property as well.The WTO dispute settlement system is faster, more automatic than the old GATT system. Its rulings cannot be blocked.