Wildlife Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Wildlife Tourism - Essay Example The industry is also a good employer giving almost 9% of total employment for 2011 and is expected to provide 10% of total employment come 2021 (World Travel & Tourism Council 2011). Tourism is indeed a lucrative business and one of its major attractions is the opportunity for people to see and enjoy nature. Aside from the scenery, tourists are enjoined to experience a closer encounter with wildlife. Hence, wildlife tourism has come to fore as one of the most sought after experience of tourists all over the world. It is quite understandable since the progress of man has been counterproductive to animals. About a century ago, the human population is still small estimated at only 25% of the current headcount. As such, there were bigger lands for animals to roam free. The sea is also teeming with marine life. Thus, stories from grandparents would be filled by the fascinating ways on how these creatures lived and such entertainment always took the fancy of many listeners. Today, most of these stories are shown live on television offering both learning and excitement to the viewer. However, although such a technology had been able to bring in wild animals closer to home, the actual experience is naturally absent. Still, it cannot be denied that because of technology, people today are more informed regarding these creatures (Higginbottom 2004). Thus, with increasing fascination fuelled by the images seen on television, people are driven from their comfortable homes to chase the thrill of experiencing the wild. And, with the economic contribution being provided by tourism, business and governments alike have been more than willing to cater to this demand. Wildlife tourism is not as simple as many would conceive it to be. This activity offers more than just bird watching as the activities may depend on whether the tour is dependent or independent of wild life. Thus, an activity is said to be wildlife dependent if the tour is focused on having actual encounter with wild life. Hence, the main reason for the tour is the opportunity for the tourist to be able to have some form of interacting with animals by being able to take pictures or videos, tracking the animals or even through hunting and fishing. On the other hand, wildlife independent tourism does not have the actual animal experience as the focus of the activity. Incidental encounters like unplanned sightings and even just by hearing the wild animals satisfies the tour objective (Sinha 2001). Both involve certain disruption to nature but naturally the wildlife dependent activities provide more disruption especially when people hunt wildlife. However, this should not always have to be the case since wildlife is important for this aspect of tourism. And with the money being brought in by the industry then perhaps there can be ways in which the wildlife tourism can help preserve these animals. Main body The wildlife The animals play a key role in wildlife tourism as they are basically the main at tractions for wildlife dependent tourism. These animals are gaining attention as evidenced by the increasing number of publications that focuses on wildlife. Likewise, these topics are being more and more integrated to tourism and leisure (Lovelock 2008, Newsome et al 2005 and Topelko and Dearden, 2005). These publications generated additional media mileage for wildlife that have helped integrate activities such as hunting to tourism. Basically, animals are either those in the wild, animals working in farms, pets, animals used as companions and animals that provide assistance. These creatures each have they

Music Styles - Comparative Essay Essay Example for Free

Music Styles Comparative Essay Essay The first artist/composer is Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang, who is better known as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart but around the world he just known as Mozart. Mozart is such a ‘famous’ composer as throughout the classical era (1750-1820) although he may not have been recognized at the time he was a creative and influential composer. Not many could argue that a man who composed over six hundred works was not influential. Also many of those six hundred works were acknowledged as the peak of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music. You can now start to see why he was such a significant composer. The second artist/composer is Ludwig van Beethoven, otherwise referred to as simply Beethoven. Beethoven was considered a German composer and pianist. Similarly to Mozart he began his musical career in the classical era (1750-1820) but differently to Mozart he was a crucial figure within the transitional stage between the Classical and Romantic eras in western classical music.

Show how Blake creates opposing attitudes and ideas in his songs of Ess

Show how Blake creates opposing attitudes and ideas in his songs of Innocence and Experience. Show how Blake creates opposing attitudes and ideas in his songs of Innocence and Experience.David Jessup 11A1 Blake creates opposing attitudes and ideas by using contrasting, emotive language and also by using characters with opposing opinions and attitudes. In "The Chimney Sweeper" Blake uses characters with different situations and lifestyles to show how distraught the chimney sweeps can be when they are sent away from their families to work at a very young age. In "The chimney Sweeper from "Songs of Innocence" the young boy is described as an "angel" and also as a "lamb", both often used as symbols of innocence and purity. Blake uses symbols of innocence as an alternative way of describing the children as innocent. He used various similes and metaphors in the Innocence poems to make the poems more light hearted and to also convey a sarcastic tone because of the obviously false descriptions. "All of them in coffins of blackà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦an angelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦opened the coffins and set them all free", the coffins of black suggest that by fulfilling their tasks as chimney sweeps the children are going to their eventual death from suffocating or some other form of detath in the dark, smoky chimneys. With language like this Blake managed to portray his beliefs without going against the Church or the State directly. This meant that although he was criticised he could look at both sides of the lives of children without being accused of being single minded or patronising. In "The Chimney Sweeper" from Innocence the narrator is the chimney sweep himself; this is an effective method because Blake can then use the child's... ...he year that orphan children are paraded through the streets in bright colours as soldiers. Blake uses this viewpoint so that a neutral opinion can be gained of both a sinister viewpoint of the parade and a gratuitous viewpoint. "With wands as white as snow," show the beadles as pure and leading the children in a good cause but in Experience the beadles are shown in a different manner. "Fed with a cold and usurous hand?" showing the beadles cruelty and content to be selfish and treat the children as objects not human beings. The poem I like best of all six is "The chimney Sweeper from Experience because it takes the misuse of chilren in a bad situation and describes it in an even darker manner. "They clothed me in the clothes of death", the childs knowledge is invaluable that he knows of his inevitable detah even though he is only a young child.

Violent Films and Links to Aggression

Social psychology theorizes that prolonged exposure to television and films is having a very noticeable effect on the generations of people growing up in front of the television.   Conrad Kottak expresses this point with reference to the post-modern classroom: research conducted into American classrooms since the 1950’s has helped Kottak conclude that students who have grown up with the television and films have learned to duplicate the behaviours learned in front of the TV in other areas of their lives.Students in successive generations in the American classroom have begun to treat their classes and professors the same way they do their television, with none of the traditional sense of respect (Spradley and McCurdy 2000).Studies of Japanese television show a similar story when it comes to the relationship between exposure to film and behaviour in society.   The television series Selfish Women portrays the lives of several successful business women in Japan; the title is m eant as a reference to how such woman are perceived in real life.Van Esterik, Van Esterik and Miller believe that this television show has picked up on a small trend in non-traditional Japanese households and that after airing it has begun to influence a wider range of women and other viewers who are mimicking behaviours learned from the program (2001).In Social Psychology, the authors suggest that like the cases in Japan and the American classroom, violent films are having an impact on the behaviours of people all over the world (Brehn, Kassim and Fein 2005).   So is there a real correlation between exposure to violence on television and in films and aggression in people?Barker and Petley believe that this is indeed the case, and argue that it is very important for viewers, especially children, to understand that the story portrayed on film is simply fiction; when no real connection is made with real life they believe that viewers are far less likely to actually carry over the vi olence from a movie into their own lives (Barker and Petley 2001).In Ill Effects: The Media/Violence Debate (Ibid.) the text relates to the relationship between violence in all media forms and aggression in people.   With focus on film violence, what is the proof of such a correlation? Adolescence, a Sociological Approach explains it in terms of comprehensive study results.When compared with a control group of adults, another group of those who have viewed on average more violent television and movies were twice as likely to act in an aggression fashion when provoked (Sebald 1968).There is a very real connection between viewing violence on screen and acting it out in real life, and Sebald suggests that this is because an adult who is exposed to such media images will lose the natural inhibition to overcome violent tendencies.   In seeing these acts of violence on screen with little or no consequence, children grow to believe that this is how the real world perceives violence: as necessary, inconsequential and even ‘cool’.Social psychological theory like this penetrates other fields of study as well as sociology or psychology since people are increasingly concerned with the levels of violence found both in movies and out on the streets of the world.Researchers have worked to prove a link between the two but struggle when it comes to thinking of comprehensive solutions to the rising violence issues.   Does the solution simply lie in the removal of violent images from movies?   Garry (1993) doesn’t think it is as simple as this.The problem with trying to censor violent images on television and in films is that there is no controlling where the censorship ends.   What is to stop censors from targeting true images on news reports or documentaries, something that is already happening on some networks?Garry suggests that this is a superficial attitude, and while it might seem the easy solution to concerned citizens, researchers need to l ook deeper to find the real issues surrounding the spreading violence in society.   Garry points out how the Western value of free speech is always the first to be called into question when it comes to issues like violence, ethics and morality.While violence in movies does have an indisputable link to aggression in adults, people are forgetting that the people affected by these images negatively are not actually the ones who created it.   What societal issues led the writers and producers of violent films to express themselves in this way?Researchers like Garry wonder if it is due to an early oppression of character in the previous generations and in fact nothing primarily to do with film at all.   If you delve further into the societal issues like oppression, child abuse, broken families, poverty and poor education, it is possible that these are the real causes of violence in film, and subsequently, higher instances of violence and aggression in individuals who are exposed to these media images.While statistics do correlate aggression to violence in film, these studies are merely scratching the surface of the entire problem.ReferencesBarker, M, and Petley, J (eds.), 2001, Ill Effects: The Media/Violence Debate, Routledge, New York.Brehm, S, Kassin, S & fein, S, 2005, Social Psychology, Houghton Mifflin.Garry, Patrick, 1993, An American Paradox: Censorship in a Nation of Free Speech, Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT.Miller, B; Van Esterik, P; Van Esterik, J 2001, Cultural Anthropology, Canadian Edition, Allyn and Bacon, Toronto.Sebald, Hans, Adolescence: A Sociological Analysis, 1968,   Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.

Ego-Centricity and Socio-Centricity

The Different Windows of Life We all see the world In different perspectives and that's how we, as humans, handle this Journey called life. Two of the many different views of life are ego- eccentricity and solo-centrally, they may seem new to you but actually they're already spread out In the minds of different Individuals. As seen In the structure of the two words, egocentricity and egocentricity, they are obviously two different words not only in structure but also in meaning.Let me elaborate on their difference in meaning based on their structure. Egocentricity comes from the Latin word â€Å"ego† meaning â€Å"l† and â€Å"centrists† meaning â€Å"centered upon†. From their etymology we can infer that the word meaner centered upon oneself. Egocentricity is having opinions or views in life which highlight oneself or give importance to the decisions of an individual. Ego centrists believe that they are the most Important living things on the earth more t han any plant or animal and their view on life Is mostly Influenced by oneself only.They believe that life Is colluded by Individuals and not by any social group or plant/animal. On the other hand Socio-eccentricity coming from the Latin word â€Å"socio† meaning companion and â€Å"centrists† meaning â€Å"centered upon† meaner having views or opinions based on one's membership in a social organization. Socio-eccentricity is having views that one is dominant because of his/her participation in any social organization or structure. Socio-centrists often associate themselves within their group and not as an individual not unlike the former.They also believe that life Is McCollum by societal groups and not Just by any individual. They believe that 2 heads are indeed better than one. No matter what flews/pollens you Imbibe wealth yourself, believe that the world Is McCollum by what we do and not what we think of ourselves or any human being. We can only solve the p roblems of the people if we do some action about it. We can never solve anything based only on our views. We can only bring an end to these if we do our part as human beings here on earth.

How to Answer the Most-Asked Customer Service Interview Question

How to Answer the Most-Asked Customer Service Interview Question If you’re applying for a customer service position, you should be prepared to defend your commitment to the profession and its values. That’s why most customer service interviews will throw at you the popular question, â€Å"What does customer service mean to you?† This question is meant to weed out the employees who will be passionate about excellent customer service from everybody else. You definitely want to be in that first category.Here are some strategies for how to prove your passion.What to Emphasize in Your AnswerYou’ll want to emphasize, first and foremost, your previous experience. Maybe tell a story from a past job or scenario in which your skills are particularly visible, one that shows your commitment to the relevant ideals.You should also frame your answer from the point of view of the consumer.Be sure to display an awareness of the product or service in question, as well as whatever experience you have that would be particularly suited to t hat company.Make sure to mention something about efficiency, good attitude, and problem-solving skills- particularly under fire.Prepare a substantive answer so you’re not stuck breezing through the most important question of your interview.What to Avoid in Your AnswerBe careful not to bring up any negative experiences you might have had- though we’ve all had them.You must not speak negatively of former bosses- or, especially, customers.Also be sure not to downplay any of your strengths or skills.Anatomy of a Sample AnswerFirst talk about the  importance of a positive attitude, going above and beyond. Then move on to discussing  the importance of knowing the job and the product inside and out, and  being the most valuable liaison and give the customer everything they need. Finally, end with some sort of anecdote that emphasizes your skills in action. You’re sure to get bonus points if you sell your interviewer on how you would bring and keep businesses for the company by keeping their customers sweet.Be confident, and stress your commitment to the company and the profession. Good luck!

A Tale Of Two Cities Essays (1114 words) - English-language Films

A Tale Of Two Cities Essays (1114 words) - English-language Films A Tale Of Two Cities Resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities Resurrection is a powerful theme found throughout the plot of A Tale of Two Cities. Many of the characters in the novel are involved with the intertwining themes of love, redemption, and good versus evil. The theme of resurrection involves certain aspects of all of these themes and brings the story together. Dr. Manette is the first person to experience resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities. He is taken away from his pregnant wife and then imprisoned for eighteen very long years. Over the years, his condition deteriorates until he forgets his real name and mindlessly cobbles shoes to pass the time. In Book the First, he is released by the French government and then put in the care of Monsieur Defarge. He is suddenly recalled to life(19, 35). However, his rebirth has just begun and does not become complete until he is reunited with his daughter; Lucy Manette. In Book the Second; The Golden Thread, the resurrection theme appears several times. At the start of this book, Charles Darnay is on trial for treason in England. He has been traveling back and forth between France and England and is thought to be a spy. The people in the crowd are sure that he will be found guilty, the punishment for this crime being death. Darnay is saved by the ingeniousness of Sydney Carton, and he too is suddenly resurrected or recalled to life. In both Book the Second and Book the Third, the reader gets different perspectives of the resurrection theme. Jerry Cruncher is a body-snatcher and he refers to his late night activities as though it is an honest trade. His son knows of his father's nocturnal activities and expresses his desire to follow in his fathers footsteps: Oh, Father, I should so like to be a resurrection-man when I'm quite growed up! (166). This parodies the resurrection theme because it is a simple physical resurrection of corpses from the graveyard with seemingly little meaning. The reader later realizes the significance of the activities of the resurrection-man in Book the Third. In the battle of good versus evil in A Tale of Two Cities, good tends to resurrect or be resurrected, while the forces of evil mimic or parody the resurrection theme. This is shown twice in the novel. Old Foulon, the evil French aristocrat, fakes his own death so that he will not be slaughtered by the revolution. He is found later, alive, and is murdered anyway. This pattern of false death and false resurrection is also followed by Roger Cly. He too is evil, faking his death and being reborn as a spy again in a different country. In Book the Third, the resurrection theme plays a pivotal role in the development of the plot. Miss Pross recognizes the spy Barsad as her lost brother, Solomon. In the eyes of Miss Pross, Solomon is resurrected and her brother is restored. Sydney Carton meets Barsad and shortly after, Jerry Cruncher reveals to them that Roger Cly is not dead. Cruncher knows this through his honest trade of body-snatching. This allows Barsad to be manipulated by Sydney Carton so that Darnay might be saved from death once again. Sydney Carton is the character that is most involved with the theme of resurrection in A Tale of Two Cities. Carton is a man of very little self esteem, but a tremendous amount of courage and devotion. Carton is the man who helped to resurrect Charles Darnay in England, but it would not be the only time he would save Darnay's life. Carton has led a miserable life and he has always looked up to Darnay. In Sydney Carton, the theme of love is deeply involved with the theme of resurrection. He is in love with Lucy Manette, even after she marries Charles Darnay. His love for Lucy is similar to the knights during the age of chivalry. He vows to give his life for her or anyone she loves. Carton soon realizes that he may have to make good on the promise he made to Lucy. Darnay is taken prisoner for a second time in France and Carton knows that the French rebels will stop at nothing to kill him this time. Carton realizes that he may be able to use his influence over Barsad to switch places with Darnay. Carton looks remarkably similar to Darnay and he knows that this may be his only chance to save Darnay. As Carton organizes the switch, the inner purpose of his actions can be

Superconductor Definition, Types, and Uses

Superconductor Definition, Types, and Uses A superconductor is an element or metallic alloy which, when cooled below a certain threshold temperature, the material  dramatically loses all electrical resistance. In principle, superconductors can allow electrical current to flow without any energy loss (although, in practice, an ideal superconductor is very hard to produce). This type of current is called a supercurrent. The threshold temperature below which a material transitions into a superconductor state is designated as Tc, which stands for critical temperature. Not all materials turn into superconductors, and the materials that do each have their own value of Tc. Types of Superconductors Type I superconductors act as conductors at room temperature, but when cooled below Tc, the molecular motion within the material reduces enough that the flow of current can move unimpeded.Type 2 superconductors are not particularly good conductors at room temperature, the transition to a superconductor state is more gradual than Type 1 superconductors. The mechanism and physical basis for this change in state is not, at present, fully understood. Type 2 superconductors are typically metallic compounds and alloys. Discovery of the Superconductor Superconductivity was first discovered in 1911 when mercury was cooled to approximately 4 degrees Kelvin by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, which earned him the 1913 Nobel Prize in physics. In the years since, this field has greatly expanded and many other forms of superconductors have been discovered, including Type 2 superconductors in the 1930s. The basic theory of superconductivity, BCS Theory, earned the scientists- John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer- the 1972 Nobel Prize in physics. A portion of the 1973 Nobel Prize in physics went to Brian Josephson, also for work with superconductivity. In January 1986, Karl Muller and Johannes Bednorz made a discovery that revolutionized how scientists thought of superconductors. Prior to this point, the understanding was that superconductivity manifested only when cooled to  near  absolute zero, but using an oxide of barium, lanthanum, and copper, they found that it became a superconductor at approximately 40 degrees Kelvin. This initiated a race to discover materials that functioned as superconductors at much higher temperatures. In the decades since, the highest temperatures that had been reached were about 133 degrees Kelvin (though you could get up to 164 degrees Kelvin if you applied a high pressure). In August 2015, a paper published in the journal Nature  reported the discovery of superconductivity at a temperature of 203 degrees Kelvin when under high pressure. Applications of Superconductors Superconductors are used in a variety of applications, but most notably within the structure of the Large Hadron Collider. The tunnels that contain the beams of charged particles are surrounded by tubes containing powerful superconductors. The supercurrents that flow through the superconductors generate an intense magnetic field, through electromagnetic induction, that can be used to accelerate and direct the team as desired. In addition, superconductors exhibit the  Meissner effect  in which they cancel all magnetic flux inside the material, becoming perfectly diamagnetic (discovered in 1933). In this case, the magnetic field lines actually travel around the cooled superconductor. It is this property of  superconductors  which is frequently used in magnetic levitation experiments, such as the quantum locking seen in quantum levitation. In other words, if  Back to the Future  style hoverboards ever become a reality. In a less mundane application, superconductors play a role in modern advancements in magnetic levitation trains, which provide a powerful possibility for high-speed public transport that is based on electricity (which can be generated using renewable energy) in contrast to non-renewable current options like airplanes, cars, and coal-powered trains. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Has financial globalization failed to meet expectations Discuss Essay

Has financial globalization failed to meet expectations Discuss - Essay Example However, despite positive predictions of neoclassical models, there is empirical evidence, which calls into question the positive impact of financial globalization (Stulz 2005). The aim of this paper is to define the expectations associated with financial globalization and to explore whether financial globalization has failed to meet these expectations. Global cross-border liberalization of trade (the second age) in financial assets also knows as financial globalization has become possible after the WWII, when the countries have removed their barriers (Stulz, 2005; Mishkin, 2009). According to the neoclassical theorists, such a shift to financial liberalization should have been beneficial to both developed and developing economies (Stulz, 2005). The benefits associated with global liberalization were expected to be especially large and significant for developing countries (Kose, 2009). Great examples could be listed here are two the most populous countries in the world, which have managed to reduce the percentage of extremely poor people and, thus, to reduce income inequality in developing markets (Mishkin, 2009). Furthermore, financial integration is viewed as an important step for middle income emerging markets enabling to enhance macroeconomic stability in developing countries (Kose et al., 2009:9). In result of financial integr ation, capital-poor (developing) countries are expected to expand their narrow production bases (often dependent of natural resources or agricultural sector) leading to enhanced specialization and, thus, to decrease macroeconomic volatility (Kose et al., 2009). Moreover, liberalizations of equity market are recognized to be a strong driver of both short-term and medium-term growth (Kose et al., 2009). Mishkin (2006) in his book â€Å"The Next Great Globalization† also explains the benefits of financial globalization, arguing that financial globalization can bring huge benefits if there will be undertaken the

Responsibilities of Personal Protection Officers Assignment

Responsibilities of Personal Protection Officers - Assignment Example As a management representative, the personal protection officers decide and manage the type of people that their client is supposed to meet. In addition to managing the client, their major task is to carry out the enforcement and compliance duties through the use of firm but diplomatic skills that do not compromise the general standing of their client within the society (June, 2000).   Personal protection officers are also tasked with making legal judgments that must be in line with the security demands of their clients so that they are seen to be law-abiding citizens. An important responsibility of the personal protection officer is to gather intelligence with regard to the normal operations of the place that his client is likely to visit in order to take a timely action in case of potential danger or harm. This intelligence role by the personal protection manager also involves smoking out any behavior that may be assumed to be criminal in nature, extremist or act of espionage (Ju ne, 2000).  This ensures the absolute safety of the client, which is the core function of a personal protection officer. The rationale for having personal protection officers is informed by the increasing dire situation of the security of every one especially government officials and very important persons and the threats posed by criminals, terrorists and extremists (Nemeth, 2012). In the current world where acts of terrorism have escalated, personal protection officers have been called upon to offer additional security to deal with the sophisticated and complex nature of guaranteeing the security of the clients that they are attached to. Personal protection officers have also become increasingly relevant hence the need to have them as they continue to offer other services, which even though not directly related to security enhance the safety of an

Employee retention and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employee retention and development - Essay Example Employee retention is more difficult than employee recruitment process in western countries. â€Å"The expense of recruiting and re-training a new worker costing anywhere from half to 200% of the departing employee’s annual salary†(Hebenstreit, Ph.D. 2008, p.4). It is estimated that U.S. companies spent $134.1 billion on employee learning and development in 2008 (Kraimer et al, 2011, p.485). Normally an organization spends a substantial amount of money for the training and development purposes of its employees. When an employee decides to quit an organization, all the money spent for the training and development of that employee by the organization will be wasted. It is the duty of the human resource department of an organization to implement strategies to reduce employee dropouts or turnover. â€Å"The UK average employee turnover rate is approximately 15% a year, although this varies drastically between industries. The highest levels of turnover are found in private sector organisations in retailing, catering, call centres, construction and media†(Workforce Management, 2011). The above employee turnover rate is huge when we compare it with employee turnover rate in other parts of the world. The reasons for higher employee turnover rate could be different like; attractive offers from other organizations, dissatisfaction over the working conditions in the present organization, ill-health, personal problems etc. In any case, it is duty of the human resource department to reduce the employee turnover rate as much as possible. â€Å"Replacing employee is not only time consuming, but expensive, costing you between  50 to 100 per cent of that positions’ annual salary† (Employee Retention and Recruitment Tips, 2009). This paper analyses the possible employ ee retention and development strategies, HRM department can implement in an organization. Theories related to Recruitment Before analysing the employee retention and development policy in detail, it is necessary to evaluate the normal recruitment policies adopting by current organization. In fact retention starts at the time of recruitment itself and therefore HRM professionals should start their efforts to retain the employees at the time of recruitment itself. Recruitment methods can be classified into two broad categories; internal and external. Internal recruitment method is normally adopted by organization when it is in need of emergency requirement of employees at some places. For example, suppose the production manager of manufacturing industry, has resigned due to some reasons. It is difficult for the organization to wait till the HRM department identifies a suitable person using external recruitment method. External recruitment process usually consists of many time consumin g stages such as posting of recruitment ads in various medias, written tests, interviews, etc. The organization may not get a production manager at least for few months if it opts for external recruitment methods. It is difficult for a production oriented organization to manage its production works for longer periods without a production manager. So, when emergency occurs, such organizations will try to promote some of its existing supervisors to the production manager post. In other words, an organization may opt for internal recruitmen

Social policy- policy analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social policy- policy analysis - Essay Example It does this by critically analyzing various laws which were enacted and periodically amended to ensure that there are no cases of child abuse in the country. The paper also goes ahead to evaluate how effective these legislations were and the extent to which they safeguarded children. According to the latest statistics from the police department, there were a total of 21,493 reported cases of child sexual abuse offences in 2011/12. In England alone, the figures for child rapes were estimated at 4,991 during the same period (Owen, 2007). However, the total number of rape cases and rape attempts in Scotland stood at 505 during the same period. Based on this statistics, Scotland seems to be having the highest number of sexual offenses as compared to other regions such as Wales, Northern Ireland and England. This might be attributed to inefficient policy implementations and inability of the parents, guardians and child care givers to create adequate time to provide children with the necessary protection. Its sexual offenses rates are 3.3 cases out of every 1,000 children under the age of 16. In Northern Ireland, it stands at 2.5 persons per every 1,000 children under the age of 18. Moreover, in Wales and England, only 1.6 cases are recorded for every 1,000 children u nder the age of 16 (Jeff, 2003). The above analysis clearly indicates that child abuse is still a major issue of concern in the UK. Although the statistics is about sexual abuses, a lot of cases have been witnessed in which several children have been physically abused and neglected by their parents and care givers. It is for this reason that such children have been offered safeguarding services such as child line, frank line, guidance and counseling by different bodies and agencies in the nation (Turton, 2008). It is only through the provision of safeguard services that the

Strategic managiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic managiment - Essay Example DeBeers provides employment to more than 23000 employees worldwide and the main objective of the company is to make high quality diamonds and make a lasting contribution on the community (DeBeers, 2013h). The company has two major shareholders Anglo American with 85 percent holding and Government of the Republic of Botswana with 15 percent holding (DeBeers, 2013k). The DeBeers group of companies constitute of wholly owned subsidiaries, investment and partnerships in diamond making. The major tasks of DeBeers include exploration of diamonds and mining activities in three major diamond producing countries like Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. The company also specializes in sorting, valuation and sale of rough diamonds and the development of synthetic diamonds for major industrial applications (DeBeers, 2013e).The study will deal with the strategic analysis of DeBeers and its outcome during the tenure 2008 to 2009. The author of the study will also conduct a PESTLE analysis which wi ll highlight the impact of the external and internal forces on the business activities of De Beers. Finally, the study will also conclude with an analysis which would help in identifying the internal and external resources of the company. Analysis of Business Environment & Success factors of DeBeers The business environment analysis also helps the company in adapting a particular marketing environment and also the way it responds to certain environmental circumstances (Shaikh, 2010). The Porter’s Five Forces Model will be a significant macro environment analysis which will help in understanding the impact of the external and internal forces in a direct and indirect manner. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Diamond is regarded as one of the most precious and valuable jewellery item in UK and is also the most coveted jewellery in the world. As per a survey conducted by the Bain and Company it was analyzed that diamond was the most coveted jewellery among women in UK in the year 2008 (Bain and Company, 2011). In the same survey conducted in the year 2008 it was also observed that that at least 65 percent of the UK household owned at least one diamond jewellery in the household (Bain and Company, 2011). This reflects that in spite of recession in the UK the common people preferred investing in valuable jewellery like diamond and also regard it as a valuable gifting item. Since, diamond is one of the most valuable and requires extensive maintenance, the price of diamond is quite high and seldom there is any bargaining while purchasing the product. The bargaining power of the buyers is not very high in this industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The supplier forms an integral part in the diamond industry because they helped the diamond companies in 2008 to maintain timely delivery of the jewellery for industrial and consumer applications. The suppliers are responsible for supply of crude diamond to the warehouses for cutting purposes and also for the supply of th e polished diamond in the retail shops. The bargaining power of suppliers in this industry is high. Threat of Substitutes: Although, compared to the other jewellery items diamond is regarded as one of the most valuable items in the world jewellery items like platinum and silver cannot be replacement for diamond. However, preference is given to diamonds and the threat of substitutes was very low in the industry. Due to

American Imperialism (American History) Research Paper

American Imperialism (American History) - Research Paper Example It said that America was interested in the development of the countries in the western hemisphere and that any European country should not wield its imperialistic power in its domain. Though America was not as powerful as Great Britain or France in its powers at that time, it used the Monroe Doctrine to back its action of sending troops to Mexico against the French in 1866 and its acquiring of Alaska in 1867. One of the economic reasons for the foreign policy was to acquire more markets for American Industrial products. When one of American battleship exploded suddenly under the sea, US pointed its blaming fingers at Spain. The foreign policy made the US send troops to Cuba to fight against Spain domination of Cuba. William McKinley, the US president sent military troops to Cuba leading Spain and Us to declare war against each other. Eventually, Spain lost Puerto Rico and Guam to the US. Soon, America was contesting for the position of world power manifesting its power in the world scene. American journalist John used the term ‘Manifest Destiny’ in 1895, which was used to justify all actions of US in imperialism and expansion, acquisition of California and Alaska. As Michael Chimes says, that in the years that led to the Spanish American war, America saw the rise of ethnocentrism, manifest destiny, and Anglo-Saxonism. It was further fueled by nationalism. These gave the rationale behind America’s imperialism and foreign policy of the 18th and early 19th century. He discusses the philosophical underpinnings of the American Foreign Policy that led to Imperialism. He says: America’s rise to world power occurred in the fifty-year period between 1870-1920.   The Spanish-American War may be seen as the â€Å"point of no return,† the foreign policy event that conclusively committed us to imperial strength and a global presence.

Strategic managiment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic managiment - Essay Example DeBeers provides employment to more than 23000 employees worldwide and the main objective of the company is to make high quality diamonds and make a lasting contribution on the community (DeBeers, 2013h). The company has two major shareholders Anglo American with 85 percent holding and Government of the Republic of Botswana with 15 percent holding (DeBeers, 2013k). The DeBeers group of companies constitute of wholly owned subsidiaries, investment and partnerships in diamond making. The major tasks of DeBeers include exploration of diamonds and mining activities in three major diamond producing countries like Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. The company also specializes in sorting, valuation and sale of rough diamonds and the development of synthetic diamonds for major industrial applications (DeBeers, 2013e).The study will deal with the strategic analysis of DeBeers and its outcome during the tenure 2008 to 2009. The author of the study will also conduct a PESTLE analysis which wi ll highlight the impact of the external and internal forces on the business activities of De Beers. Finally, the study will also conclude with an analysis which would help in identifying the internal and external resources of the company. Analysis of Business Environment & Success factors of DeBeers The business environment analysis also helps the company in adapting a particular marketing environment and also the way it responds to certain environmental circumstances (Shaikh, 2010). The Porter’s Five Forces Model will be a significant macro environment analysis which will help in understanding the impact of the external and internal forces in a direct and indirect manner. Bargaining Power of Buyers: Diamond is regarded as one of the most precious and valuable jewellery item in UK and is also the most coveted jewellery in the world. As per a survey conducted by the Bain and Company it was analyzed that diamond was the most coveted jewellery among women in UK in the year 2008 (Bain and Company, 2011). In the same survey conducted in the year 2008 it was also observed that that at least 65 percent of the UK household owned at least one diamond jewellery in the household (Bain and Company, 2011). This reflects that in spite of recession in the UK the common people preferred investing in valuable jewellery like diamond and also regard it as a valuable gifting item. Since, diamond is one of the most valuable and requires extensive maintenance, the price of diamond is quite high and seldom there is any bargaining while purchasing the product. The bargaining power of the buyers is not very high in this industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The supplier forms an integral part in the diamond industry because they helped the diamond companies in 2008 to maintain timely delivery of the jewellery for industrial and consumer applications. The suppliers are responsible for supply of crude diamond to the warehouses for cutting purposes and also for the supply of th e polished diamond in the retail shops. The bargaining power of suppliers in this industry is high. Threat of Substitutes: Although, compared to the other jewellery items diamond is regarded as one of the most valuable items in the world jewellery items like platinum and silver cannot be replacement for diamond. However, preference is given to diamonds and the threat of substitutes was very low in the industry. Due to

Las Adelitas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Las Adelitas - Essay Example They lives were controlled largely by either their fathers or husbands and other caretaker. The Mexican Revolution which began in the year 1911 and lasted up to 1920 was primarily against the presidency led by the governor of Mexico, Porfirio Diaz, as his rule was marked by violence and corruption while the common man and peasants lost their lands and were left with no means to support themselves. It was during this revolution the women folk also emerged from the confines of their homes and participated in the revolution to fight for their own causes (Jandura; Fernandez). Women shed their traditional image and dependency on men by becoming soldiers during the revolution. The various groups who opposed the rule of Diaz enrolled women in to their army. While some of the women soldiers fought for various reforms such as agrarian in order to provide better relief for the peasants, some others enrolled in the army to support their men or in other cases women entered the revolution in order to avenge the death of their dear ones and to improve their economic status. Women who worked as soldiers supported the men in their daily routine tasks in addition to supporting them in the battlefield. The men were in fact able to perform better with the support from the women as they were able to pursue their military responsibilities without any hindrance. In return for their participation women were rewarded with equality and freedom from attachment to their homes. They also gained economic freedom and were no longer bound by any societal or cultural norms that exi sted prior to the revolution. They also enjoyed their sexual freedom and engaged in sexual relations with men irrespective of their marital status. However, despite their abilities to work on par with men in the battlefield this transformation was not tolerated by men who wanted to remain the stronger force among the two genders. Thus these women soldiers were largely portrayed

Organizational Culture in Libraries Essay Example for Free

Organizational Culture in Libraries Essay Assignment Topic: One of the main ways in which the ‘veil of incorporation’ can be lifted is when directors breach their duties. This essay question is set around the duty to prevent insolvent trading. You will need to have read the chapter in your prescribed text that deals with this duty and have then researched more widely by looking at other textbooks, the relevant CCH online library, articles from the internet and journal articles. You must answer both parts of this topic. Please make sure you have REFERENCED in the body of your work ACCURATELY,. Remember, referencing shows you have researched and thought about what material will be relevant to assist you in answering the questions. Read the following scenario and answer BOTH parts (questions) at the end. OHS Solutions Pty. Ltd. is a company formed by three friends (Des, Satish and Emma) who bring different skills and abilities to the business. Emma is an accounting graduate, Des has expertise in occupational health and safety (OHS) and Satish has an IT degree. They decided to start up a business which would provide a portal through which the public and businesses could access (for free) information on all aspects of OHS. OHS Solutions would finance its business, and make profits, by charging businesses to advertise via their website. The directors of OHS Solutions are: Managing Director – Des Finance Director – Emma (non executive) Director – Satish (executive – employed also to run the technological side of the business) Director – Ying (non executive) – a friend of Des’ and director of Support Pty. Ltd. (Support Pty. Ltd. has gone guarantor for a $50,000 loan from the Business Bank Ltd. to OHS Solutions) The Shareholders of OHS Solutions (holding equal amounts of ordinary shares) are Des, Emma, Satish and Support Pty. Ltd. As at January 2007 OHS Solutions had been operating for six months. It had  some initial IT problems which prevented some of the advertisers’ material from being accessed. In order to try to help overcome these technical problems Satish engaged Trouble Shooters Pty. Ltd. At the February Board meeting, Satish reported that two businesses who had paid to advertise on the website were dissatisfied with what was happening and were threatening to sue for breach of contract. Emma was unable to table any financial information as the employee who had been doing the accounts had been sick and when Emma looked at the records she found that they seemed to be in a bit of a mess. She did find a large account from Trouble Shooters that was over due. Des reported that he was disturbed by this news. He had been told by Satish that the IT problems had been fixed since Trouble Shooters had been engaged, and he had just signed a $10,000 advertising contract with Promotions Plus Pty. Ltd. to advertise the website and signed up to go to a trade show to be held in conjunction with a forthcoming OHS conference. He said this was needed because a number of high profile advertisers were threatening to discontinue their association with OHS Solutions unless the portal became better known. Ying just listens in disbelief at the March Board meeting. It seemed to her that OHS Solutions is being poorly managed and is failing to make the most of a potentially profitable business opportunity. This could present an opportunity for Support Pty. Ltd. to make an offer to buy OHS Solutions at a good price. On the other hand Support Pty. Ltd. is exposed as a guarantor. Assume she consults you, an accountant, for your preliminary view about the predicament of OHS Solutions and what she should do. Assume also that the first thing that comes to your mind is whether Ying herself may be vulnerable as a director of OHS Solutions for failing to prevent OHS Solutions from trading when it is insolvent.

Artisitc License: Color Vision and Color Theory :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Artisitc License: Color Vision and Color Theory Imagine yourself in an art museum. You wander slowly from cold room to cold room, analyzing colored canvases on stark white walls. When you reach a particular work, do you prefer to stand back and take everything in at once? Or do you move so close to the painting that the individual brushstrokes become apparent? Several different sensory processes occur in your brain during this trip to the art museum; the majority of them involve visual inputs. How does your brain put together all the information that your eyes receive? This raises questions ranging from depth of field to color. The ideas of color perception and color theory are interesting ones. How do humans account for color and does it truly exist? I think that by examining not only the neurological on-goings in the brain, but by learning about color through philosophy, and even art, a greater understanding of it can be reached. Before delving into the philosophy of color and the questions posed by different pieces of art, the biological basis process of HOW color is seen should be explained. The retina is a neural sheet, containing the photoreceptors called rods and cones that is located at the back of the eye. Between the retina and the optic nerves leading to the brain are a series of cells that create a lateral inhibition network of the light/dark signals from the photoreceptors (1). This throws away a lot of the information generated by the photocells and gives the brain a "picture" of the edges of light and dark. The contrasts are created, leaving the brain to fill in the rest. Color vision is even more complex. Cones (the light adapted photoreceptor) contain three different photopigments, red, green, and blue, each corresponding to a particular wavelength of light (2). Color is a property of three things: the ratio of red/green activation, blue response, and value or lightness (3). The brain utilizes visual inputs to determine each of these, thus generating the characteristic color. One of the most important (and most interesting) conclusions of the biology of vision is that color is not technically generated by physical reality. Color appears to be a mental construct, and therefore, everyone views color differently. The rationale one is often given for the color of particular objects is the following: light consists of all colors. When light strikes an object in absorbs most of the wavelengths of light, but those that it reflects correspond to the color one sees.

GM Financial :: essays research papers

Financial Information GM dealers sold 558,092 cars and trucks in June of 2005 up 41% compared to June of 2004. Gm had the best monthly sales since September 1986. The calendar year to date sales are up 2.5% for the 2005 year. Sales were spiked by GMs â€Å"Employee discount for everyone.† â€Å"We are confident that are employee discount program would hit a responsive cord, but we were a little surprised by just how strong the results were, including bringing over one hundred and fifty thousand new customers into the GM family in June. This definitely moves us in the right direction as we gear to introduce our 2006 models,† says Mark LaNeve, GM vice president of sales and marketing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  GM of North America in June of 2005 produced 416,000 vehicles compared to 482,000 vehicles in June of 2004. GM had too much inventory and had to run an incentive program that worked. Globally GM has been an industry leader since 1931 and was founded in 1908. GM employs 321,000 individuals world wide. GM has Manufacturing operations in 32 countries and sells vehicles in 200 countries. In 2004 GM sold nearly 9 million vehicles globally. GM was up nearly 4% and posted its second highest total in company history.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Incentives are ran by a company to try and entice a customer to purchase a vehicle. It is a temporary jump start for sales. The last couple years consumers have expect low rates but now GM throws out the employee pricing. Consumer would let the incentives break the tie on which vehicle to purchase. This day in age everyone has low rates ,cash rebates but now employee discount, good thing GM was the leader of the pack.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The financial outlook for present GM is superb and the employee discount drastically sparked sales for a temporary time period. The reason GM had to run an incentive program was the cause of abundance of Inventory and employees are too expensive to maintain. (Pension, benefits†¦..) Gm had an increase in finished product, service parts, etc†¦ between 2003 and 2004 in other words, total inventories increased by nearly one million dollars, as sales decreased during that time period. GM has also seen a rise in healthcare and other benefits in the United States. In 2004 GM had an obligation expense 89,384 million which GM had to pay for its current employees and past employees for the year in benefits.

Guava leaves Essay

Nowadays people are focusing in herbal plants especially those who are common in the environment. One of the example is the guava plant (Psidium guajava Linn). Based on research this plant is good for healing and treating wounds and other skin infections. So in my research I wan’t to make a bathing soap out of it, cause I know that it is effective. People, researchers, scientists were focusing to medicinal plants. They want to prove that there are plants that are more effective against diseases especially in skin. This study refers to a plant that can be made into a bathing soap and improves its quality while using this plant (guava leaves). I want people to handle easily in treating their skin disorders. Instead of boiling the leaves, now it’s easy to apply. Boiling takes much time. Statement of the Problem: I stated that Guava leaves extract is good for skin. Based on my research, it has many constituents that is good for skin. It answers the following questions: * Is there any constituents of guave leaves that is good for skin? * What are those? * It can really treat skin disorders/ Acne? Hypothesis: * Guava leaves is good treatment for acne. * It has many components or constituents. * Constituents that is good for skin disorders, especially for acnies. Significance of the Study: You can make a bathing soap with guave leaves extract as treatment for acne. This plant is very common to our environment, and aside of its avaibility; it is easy to cultivate. It contains many components for healing skin disorders. Scope and Limitation: The study of guava leaves and getting their extract is often useful. It has the ability to treat, cure, disinfect skin disorders and capable of being a herbal plant for acnes. Definition of Terms Astringent- antiseptic properties Decoction- infusion of fresh leaves used for wound cleaning and skin to prevent infection and to facilitate healing. Good for skin disorders. Volatile- a substance that changes into a vapor at a relatively low temperature. Eugenol- oily liquid from doves. (C10H12O2) Cloves- aromatic spice from the dried flower bud of a tropical tree. Tannin- a brownish or yellowish substance found in plants and used in astringents. Saponins- soap from plants; any group of chemical substances extracted from plants that form a soapy lather mixed with water and are used to make soap and detergent. Amydalin- resin used in paints and adhesives. Resin- yellow or brown color and organic substance from plants. Malic Acid- acid from fruit; a colorless crystalline solid found in fruits such as apples. (C4H6O5) Aldehydes- organic compound; a highly reactive organic compound produced by the oxidation of an alcohol and having a CHO group especially the acetaldehyde. Ash- the powdery substance that is left when something has been burnt.

Business & Administration Assesment Level 2 Unit 1

Unit one: Principles of personal responsibilities and working in a business environment Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number.Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Michael David Harrison Section 1 – Know the employment rights and responsibilities of the employee and employer 1. Identify four main points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible, use an example contract to support your answer (feel free to obscure any confidentia l information). The employers name , the date of commencement of employment,main place of work , and the salary wage what would be paid to the employee for the job role. 2a) List three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business nvironment. The three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business environment are: 1. Employment law 2. Competition law 3. Consumer protection 2b) List three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment. Three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment are: 1. Health and safety 2. Pay and pensions 3. Employment rights and responsibilities 3. Identify a range of places where a person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least two internal and two external sources of information.A person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities internally by asking line managers, or personnel specialists. and ex ternally by going to local libraries and by legal professionals. 4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees. Representative bodies can support employees by listening to the employees ideas and suggestions what they have , also another kind of support they can give to employees is they are there for the employee if they ever lose there job or are made redundant and can help with any problems with salary, holiday etc.They are there to give the employee extra support if needed by the employee his/herself. 5. Briefly describe employer and employee responsibilities for equality and diversity in a business environment. You should give at least two employer responsibilities and two employee responsibilities. Employers have the responsibility of no discrimination against any applicants when employing them for the job position needed treat colleagues fairly with respect If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer.These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. there was a student who is disabled and he was in a wheelchair on the course i was on for business & retail , , all students and tutors treat him fairly as they did everyone else , he was not treat any differently then anyone else as it did not make him feel like he needed to be treat differently , he liked to think he was capable of things , and he really was and he was very clever. 6. Briefly explain the benefits of making sure equality and diversity procedures are followed in a business environment.Your answer should include one benefit for the employer, one benefit for the employee and one benefit for the overall organisation. Section 2 – Understand the purpose of health, safety and security procedures in a business environment 1. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for health, safety and security. Provide a safe secure place for personal belongings of the employees to be stored provide personal protective equipment if work environment is in a factory/ construction career etc. Ensure work environment is kept clean & tidy to avoid accidents in the workplaceIf a accident occurs while in the workplace, always immediately report it – also record it in the accidents file Have to tell the employer about any health & safety concerns they have that will affect them or others around them Make sure hair is tied back , and no jewellery is worn when working in a catering area / machinery. must provide neccessary health & safety training for traineees/employees If possible, provide relevant health, safety and security policies / documents from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. . Explain the purpose of following health, safety and security procedures in a business environment. To protect the employees, any visitors , customers & clients that come in to the c ompany. The purpose is to protect employees from accidents & illnesses , and to protect the employer from costs associated with accidents and illness 3. Describe three different ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment. Always make sure all doors are locked , and outdoor fences to the work area are secure , make sure everything is fully secure when leaving the building by setting the security alarmDo not give access to unauthorised people i. e , no name badge etc check fire alarm regularly , make sure everybody at the workplace knows where the designated area is to exit the building if a fire occurs , sound the fire alarm if a fire does take place to immediately warn everybody in the building to evacuate to a safe area, check fire extinguishers annualy by professional fire service workers Section 3 – Understand how to communicate effectively with others 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of different methods of communication. You should include tw o verbal, two non-verbal and two written methods of communication.Methods of communication Description Verbal communication 1. face to face – one on one , or a group discussionconversation 2. speaking on the phone Non-verbal communication1. 2. Written communication1. 2. 2. Using two specific examples, explain how to choose the most appropriate method of communication to meet your needs and the needs of others. 3. Describe at least two ways of actively listening. Look at the speaker directly , with good eye contact , looking them in the eye when been spoken to or when speaking to them yourself. Avoid being distracted by environmental factors.For example, side conversations , noises in the background – such as typing loudly on a keyboard, music from a radio playing , or a loud overheard argument in the workplace, stay focussed on what, and who you are listening to. Be sincerely interested in what the other person is talking about. If you have to state your views, say the m only after you have listened. Section 4 – Understand how to work with and support colleagues 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing standards for your own work. Give at least two reasons. so that you and others around you know what is expected of you in your job roleIf an employee doesn't have a standard of work or unclear then it is difficult for them to know what or how or when they should be doing it. The absence of standards makes it impossible for an employee to effectively monitor their own performance. If work standards don't exist, then things are open to personal interpretation and this can lead to conflicting viewpoints. If some colleagues work to lower standards, it can affect the work of others. Organisation provides a foundation of work standards to ensure everyone knows what is required from them and from people around them.As an employee, we should always make sure that we know exactly the work standards required of you. Uniform standard – clean, press and shirt tuck into the trouser Behavioural standards – acceptable behaviours in the work environment – time keeping or all team members should smile 100% of the time when greeting customers. Setting high standard for your work will ensure that you produce only the best. This will inculcate good work ethics of delivering on quality at all times. 2. Explain the purpose of taking on new challenges and being able to adapt to change at work. There are many reasons for an organisation to change.New manager or adviser, requirements of their guest, introduction of new technologies, system software, working practices, law and legal changes can effect challenges and change at work. For any employee, it is important to take on new challenges and adapt to changes because an organisation will never stays the same. Employee who can adapt and willing to change is more valuable than other who resists changing. Employee who want to advance or built up their career in the organisation mus t take on new challenges and adapt a role with added responsibilities and they will be notice or variation to others who will not change.For those who do not may become redundant, no longer fitting in with the business and in the longer term they can lose their jobs. The purpose of taking on new challenges shall they arise is vital to success. By not challenging oneself, the same pattern of mediocrity or self defeating attitude persists. One cannot grow without moving onto bigger, better, and more challenging ordeals. Thus the benefits are that of self growth opportunities and a gaining of new skills and confidence. 3. Explain the purpose of treating others with honesty and consideration. The purpose of adapting to change is to understand the world is always shifting.There is never a moment where circumstances and situations do not change. The benefits of adapting are great- new situations are not intimidating but opportunities to grow, and with change comes new ways to self discove r and improve. The purpose of treating others with respect, honesty, and consideration is to provide a hospitable environment. One cannot succeed alone- so often the help of others is required to complete an important task. Also, interpersonal relationships aid in self confidence and positive work completion. Getting along with others is also proven to provide mental and physical health benefits.By listening and respecting one another, tasks get done much quicker and with higher quality and care. One's behavior is vital to the workplace because every person plays an important role in the community. One person's negative outlook can disrupt the progress of those around that person. The workplace can immediately become a hostile environment due to the action or attitude of a single person. Ideal types of behavior that display honesty, respect, and consideration are listening to others' ideas and providing thoughtful feedback, being sensitive to the needs of others, seeking a solution that will benefit all, ooperating with coworkers, treating others fairly and with dignity, among many others. Some negative behaviors are belittling coworkers, isolating oneself from the community, ignoring the opinions of others, having a selfish attitude, seeking for self advancement while disregarding the efforts of others, and spreading false information about others are examples among other terrible ways of conducting oneself. Section 5 – Know how to plan own work and be accountable to others 1. Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when completing tasks in a business environment. an help people know what is expected from them and other colleagues dont want to let down employer , prove to them that your the right person for the task , and show them that you can handle the pressure to finish it when given a deadline time/ date if you dont meet a deadline not only will you be affected , it will affect others in the company , and customers / clients 2. Describe two different methods that you can use to plan your own work in a business environment. make a to do list of things to do before starting on your work project / task prioritise the task and your work 3.Describe ways of keeping other people informed about progress and compare their effectiveness. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each approach? Howgozit (Progress report) e-mails sent out periodically are best. Everyone gets notified at once. The hardest part is creating your e-mail distribution list. Also, it creates a written record of your status which is admissible in a court of law, if the need ever arises. everybody is notified immediately at the same time , so no one is unaware of anything have a group meeting to discuss everybodys progess in the work place face to face meetings would be time consuming rawback is a colleague could be absent due to illness, or prior arrangments Section 6 – Understand the purpose of improving own performance in a business en vironment and how to do so 1. Explain the purpose of continuously improving your performance in a business environment. To exceed your limitations. Achieve personal goals. Impress corporate officials. Increase income if on a piece-rate. Self-motivation. Satisfation. 2. Describe at least two ways of improving your performance at work. Where relevant, illustrate your answer with specific examples from your own experience. se feedback given in appraisals – good or bad to improve your work , work with the manager to agree on a plan of action to improve your skills & attributes observe team colleagues, and use feedback given from them to improve your own performance. pertemps example tutor was observed when i attended a work experience week by a lecturer.? 3. Briefly describe at least two different types of career pathways that may be available to you. Entrepreneur – owning my own business Accountancy Marketing Human Resources Economics Section 7 – Understand the typ es of problems that may occur in a business environment and how to deal with them . Identify at least two different types of problems that can occur in a business environment. somebody could be absent delivery not turning up on time or at all not enough time , too many tasks equipment failing, not working not been able to meet a deadline colleagues not listening to instructions provided people not focussed on what they are supposed to be , and therefore making mistakes internet access could not work , leaving emails unreplied, not been able to make video conference calls , not been able to recieve invoices electronically , and not be able to confirm orders requested by a client/ customer 2.Complete the table below by describing at least two specific problems that can occur at work and how they can be dealt with. Typing error on a order form what has been sent to the delivery company , how to deal with it , call them and speak to the appropriate person who can solve the issue right a way , apologise , explain that it was a mistake made by a junior member of staff / trainee ProblemDealing with the problem1. 2. 3. Complete the table below by listing at least two problems you are able to deal with yourself and two problems you would need to refer to others to deal with (and how you would refer these problems). f there was a spillage on the floor , i would deal with it myself and clean it up right away to avoid any accidents taking place affecting myself or any of the other working colleagues if a machine got jammed , i would report it right away to the line manager if working in a factory based workplace Problems I can deal with:Problems I would need to refer to others:How are problems referred to others? 1. 1. 2. 2. Once you have completed all 7 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

The Purple Rose of Cairo

Film has captured and enchanted audiences since its origination with the Lumiere Brothers; and, as it developed, it began to be used to convey messages and ideas. Film started to become a creative outlet that then turned to a catalyst of philosophical thought. Film theorist Sergei Einstein expressed that film â€Å"as a work of art, understood dynamically, is just the process of arranging images in the feelings and mind of the spectator†.Thus, directors began to realize that audience manipulation was possible through the images and sounds they delivered, as well as through the way these images and sounds were presented– it all has an effect of how viewers thought of and interpreted the films. This is especially clear in the German film, Triumph of Will, directed by Leni Reifenstahl. While the film is brilliantly made, with moving cameras, the utilization of long focus lenses, aerial photography, and a revolutionary approach to musical accompaniment, the film was also in credibly propagandistic and manipulative at the time of it’s release.The entire film is a vehicle to promote the ideologies of Hitler; beginning with Germany’s near-destruction in World War I and depicting Hitler as a messiah, descending from the skies to greet his vehement followers. In the opening minutes of the film, there are close-up and over-the-shoulder shots of Hitler, making him seem rather personable, adored, and somewhat noble. There are also shots of children approaching him, showing that the ideas of innocence and purity are to be seen as parallel to the views and goals Hitler himself.Aesthetically, the entire film is superbly done, and politically its manipulative powers are astonishing. By showing Germany as unified under the divine rule of Hitler, it brought the nation together and created one of the most destructive and powerful nations in the 1940s. While film can be used as propaganda, like in Nazi Germany, it can also be used to provoke thought, rat her than control it, manipulate it, or deceive it. In Woody Allen’s film The Purple Rose of Cairo, the audience is pushed to move beyond the appearance of things and consider other worlds, other perspectives.For the heroine, Cecilia, film is an escape and an impossible inspiration. According to the fictitious movie (The Purple Rose of Cairo), the purple rose itself is supposed to grow in a pharaoh’s tomb– the expression of a perfect love. However, no flower can grow without light making it an impossible inspiration. According to Plato, and to partially to Allen, our relationship with truth is rather grim. When we attend movies we are much like Plato’s captives, chained facing a cave wall, only seeing a world of shadows– our reality is suspended.But another point is made; although we can be deceived by shadows, we are also capable of understanding and questioning anything, shadows included. Yes, film is an escape from reality and the idea of being a ble to truly escape a somewhat horrid life is unimaginably wonderful, but thats just it– it is an idea. Change has to be brought on by oneself, not an unreliable outside source, and perfection is an illusion. I as a viewer absolutely love how Allen presents these ideologies in The Purple Rose of Cairo.He gives it an unconventional point of view, setting up a series of contrasts between perfection and imperfection, reality and illusion, loving someone and being in love with someone, that forces us to think about film as well as the actual content of the film. And this all ties back to Plato’s â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†; our life is veiled and we must aspire to leave and become less dependent on the shadow world. What is interesting is that, in the film, Allen makes the audience unsure of which world is the shadow world and which is the illusion.The perfect world becomes the film world and the false one is the desired reality. As entertainment, the film is greatà ¢â‚¬â€œ a nonsensical romantic comedy with a less-than-happy ending; but philosophically it goes much deeper than that, provoking audiences to think about reality and the importance of imperfection. While on the subject of imperfection, a third film demands some attention. Alejandro Amenabar’s The Sea Inside presents a whole new perspective on what perfection in life is. Many people see suicide as a selfish act– removing yourself from the lives of your loved ones far earlier than they would have liked.However, the question of who is more selfish is posed. Is it the people who remove themselves when they feel no more connection to life; or the people who expect those who want to leave to stay, regardless of their misery or feelings of lacking true connection to the vibrancy of life? Thus are the questions presented to audiences upon viewing this film. In my mind, everyone should have the freedom to choose the life they want to live, or not live; and to choose what meani ng they take out of said life. In Clendine’s â€Å"The Good Short Life†, it is said that we speak of living life, but never of death.That â€Å"we act as if facing death weren’t one of life’s greatest, most absorbing thrills and challenges† and that being incoherent and immobile until one only sees friends and family as â€Å"a passing cloud†. Both Clendine and Ramon didn’t want to put their loved ones through that, and taking one’s life seemed to be the best solution. Both were â€Å"vital to the end, and knew when to leave†. In my opinion, if someone has legitimate, justifiable reasons to want to leave this earth (such as a degenerative disease), that they have a right to do so.And if they cannot on their own accord due to that degenerative disease, I think that others (physicians, family members, friends) should be legally permitted to assist them. They shouldn’t be obligated to assist, but if they give consent and are willing to aid, I think they should be permitted. Mark from Breathing Lessons and Ramon were also similar on a few levels, but Mark had more hope and determination to live with dignity. Unlike Ramon who saw his life as undignified, Mark viewed it more as excessively challenging. Mark still desired life– though considered suicide, but â€Å"chickened out†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ showing that he did truly still want to live.Ramon, however, was lost in his melancholy and nostalgia for the past, choosing to disregard the possibilities the future could bring. I think that it is a personal choice and that each individual should be given the liberty of making that choice. The phrase â€Å"dying with dignity† always reminds me of greek mythology when humiliated warriors would throw themselves on their swords for an honorable death, rather than live life in humility. I think Ramon saw his life as more humiliating and therefore wanted to throw himself on his sword, so to speak.W ith this, I think that the US should have a â€Å"death with dignity† law. Everyone has a right to life, as well as a right to death. Film is one of the most influential and powerful media. It’s capabilities to provoke, cultivate, and manipulate audience thought is incredible and worth studying. The innovations that film itself has gone through– the amount of genres it contains, special effects, and advancements in sound– all contribute to film as a whole, and all contribute to the beauty of how film is created and suspends the reality of viewers if only for an hour or two.

The Silk Road Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Silk Road Project - Essay Example This terrain significantly separated China from the nations in the west. Furthermore, the terrain in the west together with the peace treaties amongst the Western Nations led to the development of the Western economies. This paper will elaborate on the historical aspects that pertain to the Silk Road. It will address the origin of the term Silk Road, and the goods and products traded along the route. It will also cover on the significant traders of the Silk Road, and the effects on the East and West. The History of the Silk Road, Naming and Fate The Central Asian sections of the trade were expanded during the reign of Han Wudi, the Emperor in 2006 BCE- 220 CE period. The emperor had sent Zhang Qian in a mission to establish political treaties with the Yeuzhi people. However, on return from a 13 year journey, Zhang Qian reported of the lucrative trade that was taking place in the Western nations (Franck 66). The Emperor on an attempt to develop peace treaties with the western nations not only led to political relationships but also economic and cultural developments. The trade led to a great civilization in Ancient Rome, China, India, Persia, Arabia and Ancient Egypt. The route was given the name due to the lucrative Chinese silk that was traded along the road. Although there were other goods traded along the route, silk was the main commodity. ... Later on, in 1877, a German researcher, Ferdinand Richthefen, named the trade route as the Great Silk Road (Foltz 50). The overland trade route was divided into the Southern and Northern Routes by passing Lop Nur and the Taklimakan Desert. The Northern route started at Chang’an, which is the present day Xi’an. This was the capital city of the ancient Chinese Kingdom. Later on, Han expanded the route to Luoyang, a town in the east of China. This route travelled northwest through the Gansu from Shaanxi Province. It split into three routes where two routes followed the mountain ranges on the south and north of the Taklamakan Desert to join at Kashgar. The other route headed south to the Tian Shan Mountains through Almaty, Turpan and Talgar (Franck 71). Figure 1: The Silk Road The route then split at the West of Kashgar with a northern route travelling through Kokand, present day eastern Uzbekistan. It then progressed to the West to cross the Karakum Desert. The Southern br anch headed towards the Alai valley toward Balkh, currently Afghanistan, and Termez, currently known as Uzbekistan (Xinru 34). The routes rejoined in the southern side before reaching Merv, which is currently known as Turkmenistan. On the other hand, the Southern route was a single route which started in China through the Karakoram. Today, this route is known as the Karakoram Highway, an international paved road that connects China to Pakistan. The route then branches westward but with southwards branches enabling the journey to be completed using the sea. This route crossed through the Northern Pakistan, across the Hindu Kush Mountains to the present day Afghanistan. The southern route then joined the northern route near Merv. From Merv, the route followed a straight route to the West

Integrated Marketing Communications Plan for Volkswagen Research Paper

Integrated Marketing Communications Plan for Volkswagen - Research Paper Example The Volkswagen Group is one of the largest car manufacturing companies in the world. With its latest launch â€Å"Polo†, Volkswagen has come out with an innovative ad to attract large number of consumers. The IMC tools used by Volkswagen in the case of Polo have been advertising through both print and electronic media, internet marketing, online banners, direct marketing, etc. Volkswagen’s prime IMC strategies related to the Polo car can be discussed as follows:Advertising is the form of communication which s non-personal and provides information about the services, products and the organization. Volkswagen’s television commercial of the Polo car was to make a new beginning in the small car segment. The company through the ad campaign has tried to differentiate itself from other car makers as its television was made to attract young males while other small car makers are largely targeting females. The advertisement has been used extensively by Volkswagen to creat e awareness about the new Polo car and its unique features which makes it a choice for young males rather than showing females taking their cars for shopping. The ad campaign for the Polo car was on the line of â€Å"Dedicated Followers of No One†. The ad campaign has been used by Volkswagen to target people especially males who like to have their own style rather than keep changing with the trends. Interactive marketing or internet marketing as become the most sought after advertising prospect for the companies. With more and more people using internet the companies are getting more inclined towards internet marketing through which they can target a healthy number of people. Volkswagen has used this medium to extend its reach globally in context to the Polo car. The company has very well used internet marketing by putting ads through online banners on popular social networking sites and other websites. Further a special micro site was created to attract the target market esp ecially the young males. The page of the website was designed as a driving game to give the people excitement of driving a Polo car. Celebrity interviews were also posted on the micro site as a tactic to attract consumers. The interactive marketing was used to further create eagerness amongst the young car lovers. Social Media Volkswagen also used social media strategy in the form of a game based on Marco/Polo. The company promoted the Polo car on a popular social ne

Middle of Acquiring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Middle of Acquiring - Essay Example ourth step, the negotiation team will seek to ensure that the acquisition process will protect the interests of both parties and in case their interests clash then there has to be a compromise. In the fifth step, the negotiation team will present to the overseas company, strategies and policies that they will implement after the acquisition process, which will indicate on how the buying company will absorb the current workforce of the overseas company into their organizational structure. Secondly, the strategies and policies will show how they are ready to abide by the conditions set by the overseas company. In the sixth step, the negotiation team will state exactly how much they will are willing to pay for each division or the entire company and equally, the overseas company will state the selling price for the entire company. The negotiation team will engage in final price negotiations whereby they will give out their final buying price of which DePamphilis (2010, P. 175) notes that it should be considerably equally to the true value and potential of the overseas

Outline presentation+PP presentation slides Essay

Outline presentation+PP presentation slides - Essay Example In the past, electronic cigarette has been seen as a media ploy. However, with technological change, it is possible to develop unique products and services. The E-cigarette is a product of innovation and intelligent product. The amount of money spent on cigarette has been increasing over time due to increasing costs of production. However, with the production of the E-cigarettes have been effective in reducing the cost of cigarette consumption (Malaval and Benaroya 89). The research by the Howie Zee, the average consumption cost reduces over year, and the graph below illustrates the changes in costs after the uptake of the new product. The results are based on the personal consumption rate of one pack per day The graph above illustrates the performance of E-cigarette compared to the tobacco cigarette which has been in use for a long time. However, the establishment of the e – cigarette brand has been poor due to poor investments over the years. Media use has improved the performance of the cigarette for the last decade with the main beneficiary being the Blu brand of E-cigarette. The blue cigarette has been developed with several flavors making it diversified with exceedingly many options. The product comes with seven flavors namely cherry crush, classic tobacco, Java Jolt, Magnificent Menthol, and vivid vanilla. Other flavors are peach schnapps and Pinna Colada. The variety offered makes the products better in providing options in the cigarette industry. The products do not have smoke, ash or smell making them valuable especially when used in public areas. The products contain rechargeable packs and the flavors are presented using cartridges in order to facilitate easy change of flavors (Preston 23). The flavor cartridge has great vapor and come with a single design, and each cartridge is equivalent to one pack of cigarettes. In addition, the company obtains smoke juices, which are manufactured in Wisconsin and the flavors

The Canterbury Tales Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Canterbury Tales Literary Analysis - Essay Example rough the eye of the narrator, who is a pilgrim himself, apparently ready to appreciate his companions for their worthiness, and also record their condition, their array, and their social degree: â€Å"To telle yow al the condicioun/Of ech of hem, so as it semed me,/And whiche they weren, and of what degree,/And eek in what array that they were inne;† The narrator took his â€Å"tyme and space† to relate his story which means that that he has considered his subjects for a period before putting their descriptions on paper, and his portrayals derive as much from his observation as his individual perceptions and opinions regarding the characters. The characters are described in order of their social rank: the military estate represented by the Knight and the Squire is followed by the clerical estates depicted through the Prioress, the Monk, the Friar and the Parson; and then by the laity represented by the wealthy Franklin to the poor Plowman; the upper middle class is followed by a lower one and the rascals at the end. The pilgrims include: a knight, a squire, a yeoman, a prioress, a second nun, the nuns priest, a monk, a friar, a merchant, a clerk, a sergeant of law, a franklin, a haberdasher, a carpenter, a weaver, a dyer, a tapestry weaver, a cook, a shipman, a doctor of physic, a wife of Bath, a parson, a plowman, a miller, a manciple, a reeve, a summoner, a pardoner, the host and the narrator himself. The number of professions depicted are representative of various sections of the society, and Chaucer presents a rich tableau of his times. The narrator is conscious of the social differences.He respects them, and in his description of the clothing, the accessories, and glimpses of behavior conjures up a wide array of characters. The Canterbury Tales was Chaucers attempt at realism in an era when most of the writers of his time were still engaged with larger-than life heroes; his character live, breathe drink and crack jokes as in real life, and Chaucer

Literature of War and Peace Essay Example for Free

Literature of War and Peace Essay Sir Winston Churchill British statesman, orator, and author who was elected prime minister twice in 1940s and 1950s. He is regarded as one of the finest military leaders in history and is credited to rallying the moral of the British people during world war two and leading them from the brink of defeat to victory against the axis powers. How he did this was not only though his leadership but arguably through his speeches as well, one of Churchill’s greatest assets was his words and how he used them to inspire and motivate his people. Despite having a lisp throughout his career He was known for his excellent speaking, the speeches he made throughout his life in particularly dark times for the British were always inspiring, while presented in a way that made them understandable to any person no matter whom they were. Now this was seen particularly in Churchill’s speech â€Å"the defence of freedom and peace† which he presented in October 16th 1938 near the start of world war two in an appeal to British and Americna public to prepare for the strong possibility of war against Nazi Germany. In the speech the defence of freedom and peace Churchill uses a variety of persuasive yet simple literary devices such as allusion, rhetorical questions, imagery and Tricolon and wording to arouse, influence and encourage American and British listeners to ready themselves for a possible war against Germany. Now prior to this speech Britain’s foreign policy regarding Nazi expansion was one of appeasement. British Prime minister Neville Chamberlain believed that Germany had been unfairly treated by the allies after its defeat in the 1st world war. His view was that Germany had sincere grievances that needed to be resolved; he also thought that by agreeing to some of the propositions being made by fascist powers Germany and Italy such as the Munich agreement than Europe could potentially avoid the outbreak of another world war. Meanwhile in the United States a combination of events such as the great depression and the losses suffered in world war one had pushed the American opinion and policy towards isolationism. Many Americans argued that the United States shouldn’t intervene in European conflicts or politics that did not concern them. Churchill however believed that not only did Nazi Germany and Facist Italy pose a threat but that the rights, traditions and fundamental beliefs of western civilization were in jeopardy and so he made it his mission to ready the British people for war and appeal to the US for aide against this threat. Now in his speech the defence of freedom and peace Churchill utilizes a number of literary devices the first of which is Allusion. Allusion is a figure of speech that makes reference to a place, person or event real or imaginary and can refer to anything which includes artist paintings, opera, mythical figures and bible passages. Churchill uses this to grab his audience’s attention and engage them into the subject while also getting his message across to them without having to go through tedious details. The first example of allusion is when he states â€Å"he (meaning Hitler) must blood his hounds and show them sport or else like Actaeon of old, be devoured by them†. Here he is referring to an ancient tale in Greek mythology Actaeon was a man who was punished by the goddess Artemis for boasting that he was a better hunter than she as a consequence she turned him into a stag, and his hounds turned on him and killed him. What Churchill is trying to get across to his audience is that if Hitler does not constantly lead his allies and soldiers to victory, they will eventually turn against him, taking his power for themselves. Allusion was further demonstrated when Churchill states to his audience that the American people wash their hands of the whole buissness.

The History And Current Applications Of Behaviorist Theory

The History And Current Applications Of Behaviorist Theory Behaviorism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Behaviorism is the idea that behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner and according to John B. Watson; it should have nothing to do with introspection because introspection is too subjective (Goodwin, 2008). Besides John B. Watson there were others also interested in the study of behavior, specifically, Ivan Pavlov and Burrhus F Skinner. Behaviorism was a major change from earlier views because it discarded the importance of the conscious and unconscious mind and instead it attempted to make psychology a more scientific field, by focusing just on the observable behavior. Behaviorism had its earliest start with the work of Ivan Pavlovs and his research on the digestive systems of dogs that led him to the discovery of classical conditioning process, which demonstrated that behaviors could be learned through conditioned associations (Goodwin, 2008). This pap er will discuss the work of Pavlov, Watson and Skinner and how they contributed to todays behaviorist theories like cognitive behavioral therapy. It will also discuss how these early behaviorists theories are the same as todays behaviorist theories and how they are different. The History and Current applications of Behaviorist Theory Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through our interactions with our surroundings. Behaviorism proposes that behavior can be studied in an organized and observable way without consideration or thought of inner psychological conditions (Goodwin, 2008). There are two major types of conditioning in behaviorism, classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is a technique used in behavioral training in which a naturally occurring stimulus is paired with a response. It involves taking a neutral stimulus (i.e. the ringing of a bell) and then pairing it with a naturally occurring stimulus (i.e. dogs salivate when presented with food). Continuing this pairing will eventually cause the previously neutral stimulus to induce the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus (i.e. the dog will salivate with the ringing of the bell even when food is not immediately presented). The two components are then called the conditioned stimulus (the ring of the bell) and the conditioned response (the dog salivating) (Todes, 2002). Operant conditioning is a process of learning that uses rewards and punishments for behavior. With operant conditioning, a relationship is created linking a behavior and a consequence for that behavior (Skinner, 1954). Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson and Burrhus F. Skinner all developed significant contributions to the advancement of behaviorism. While Pavlov, Watson and Skinner paved the way for behaviorist thinking, what is left of their findings? If we take a critical look at cognitive behavioral therapy we can see how the early behaviorists ideas are still alive today and how these ideas have changed with time. In the late 1800s, Pavlov was studying the gastric function of dogs. Pavlov inadvertently discovered that dogs would salivate prior to the food being presented to them, and decided that his discovery of dogs salivating prior to the actual food arriving was more interesting than gastric functions, and changed the focus of his research (Goodwin, 2008). Pavlov began to experiment with the dogs using a tone to signal for food. Pavlov found that the dogs had begun to salivate with the tone without the presentation of food (Schwartz Lacy, 1982). Pavlov realized that this response is not a natural response and was a learned response, and he consequently called this response a conditioned response and the neutral stimulus became a conditioned stimulus. In Pavlovs experiment the tone was the neutral stimulus that became paired with the unconditioned stimulus which was the food. The unconditioned response of the dog salivating became a conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus of the t one (Beecroft, 1966). Pavlovs work became known in the West, mainly due to the writings of John B. Watson. Pavlov thus coined what we now know today as classical conditioning. Pavlovs research also had a direct affect on bringing behaviorism to the attention of the American public in the 1930s. John B. Watson is known as the founder of behaviorism however Watsons Behaviorism did not catch on immediately and in 1913 when he publicized his Behaviorist Manifesto, he was initially met with a lot of criticism and doubt (Goodwin, 2008). It was not until the early 1930s when behaviorism began to catch the attention of America, in part due to Watsons continued push on the public to recognize it as a valid theory in psychology. Finally after several articles were published citing the use of behaviorism as a way to improve lives, the public began to recognize behaviorism as a positive, meaning it could help to raise children more efficiently, improve marriages, improve business and overall help people to lead more productive lives (Goodwin, 2008). With Watsons book, Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It, behaviorism for the first time was given well defined goals, methods and thought (Goodwin, 2008). Watson made behaviorism a discipline that created a structure based heavily on the principle that learning is the key to development and behavior (Rilling, 2000). Watson and Rayner, in 1927, conducted a study that produced an intense fear of rats in a 9 month old boy they called little Albert. When little Albert reached for a white rat, Watson would make a loud noise that scared little Albert. Using classical conditioning, little Albert associated rats with the loud noise and shifted his fear with the noise to a fear of rats. Little Albert then associated rats, which have fur, to all things with fur (this is known as second order conditioning). With second order conditioning, little Albert formed an irrational fear of all objects that had fur (Mischel, 1993). Although Watson was asked to leave John Hopkins and essentially could no longer work in academia he continued to promote his belief in behaviorism until it finally caught the attention of the American public. The impact of behaviorism was huge, and was a school of thought that continued to dominate psychology for the next fifty years. Psychologist B.F Skinner advanced the behaviorist perspective with his theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning verified the effect of punishment and positive reinforcement on behavior. Operant conditioning consisted of two important factors, the response and the consequence (Skinner, 1954). If the consequence is positively reinforcing, then there is the likelihood of getting a similar response. If the consequence is punishing the likelihood of repeating the response is not probable (Mischel, 1993). Skinner conducted an experiment known as the skinner- box (Goodwin, 2008). In Skinners experiment a rat was put into a box with a lever. Each time the lever was pressed, food was released. The rat learned to press the lever to receive the positive reinforcement, food. When the food was replaced with shocks, the lever pressing stopped almost immediately due to the consequences of receiving a shock (Skinner, 1954). Similar results were produced by stopping the positive reinforce ment of food altogether in a process called extinction, but the operant conditioned response decreased at a much slower rate than when punishment was used (Goodwin, 2008). This kind of operant conditioning will also occur in the rewarding or punishing action when utilizing this same technique to elicit certain behaviors from a child (Schwartz, 1982). During 1950 to 1970 cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) became widely utilized and was inspired by the behaviorist learning theories of Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson and Clark L. Hull (Rachman, 1997). In the United States, psychologists were using B.F. Skinners behaviorism and applying it to clinical work and much of this work was focused towards severe, chronic psychiatric disorders such as psychotic behavior and autism (Rachman, 1997). The therapeutic approaches of Albert Ellis and Aaron T. Beck gained popularity among behavior therapists. These systems included behavioral elements and interventions that focused primarily on problems in the present. Elliss system began in the early 1950s and was called rational therapy and is one of the first forms of CBT. (Ellis, 1975). Aaron T. Beck developed cognitive therapy in 1960 after being inspired by Elliss work and Becks cognitive therapy became a favorite intervention technique to study in the psychotherapy research in academic settings. I nitial research focused on comparing this cognitive therapy with behavioral therapys to see which was more effective (Beck, 1975). During the 1980s and 1990s cognitive and behavioral therapys were officially merged into what we now know as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (Rachman, 1997). Samuel Yochelson and Stanton Samenow introduced the idea that CBT approaches can be used successfully with the criminal population (Yochelson and Samenow, 1976). In conclusion, behaviorism is based upon observable behaviors, so it is easier to measure and collect data and information when performing research. Effective therapeutic techniques such as intensive behavioral intervention, rational therapy and CBT are all rooted in behaviorism. These approaches are often very useful in changing maladaptive or harmful behaviors in both children and adults. Some differences between todays CBT and behaviorism is that behaviorism is a one-dimensional approach to behavior and that it does not account for free will and internal stimulus such as moods, thoughts, and feelings. Behaviorism also does not account for other types of learning, especially learning that occurs without the use of reinforcements or punishments. Behaviorism does not take into account that people are able to adapt behavior when new information is present, even if a prior behavior was established through reinforcement. Behaviorism without the addition of cognitive influences is not en ough. When we can get an understanding of the thinking behind the behavior we have a better chance at changing it. In the words of Stan Samenow change the errors in thinking and we can change the behavior (Yochelson and Samenow, 1976).